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	Author	Dunbar, R.I.M.
	Title	Male and female brain evolution is subject to contrasting selection pressures in primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	BMC Biology	Abbreviated Journal	BMC Biol
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	21
	Keywords	Animals; Brain/physiology; Evolution; Female; Humans; Male; Selection (Genetics); Sex Characteristics
	Abstract	The claim that differences in brain size across primate species has mainly been driven by the demands of sociality (the “social brain” hypothesis) is now widely accepted. Some of the evidence to support this comes from the fact that species that live in large social groups have larger brains, and in particular larger neocortices. Lindenfors and colleagues (BMC Biology 5:20) add significantly to our appreciation of this process by showing that there are striking differences between the two sexes in the social mechanisms and brain units involved. Female sociality (which is more affiliative) is related most closely to neocortex volume, but male sociality (which is more competitive and combative) is more closely related to subcortical units (notably those associated with emotional responses). Thus different brain units have responded to different selection pressures.
	Address	British Academy Centenary Research Project, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1741-7007	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17493267			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2100
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