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Hartmann, E.; Søndergaard, E.; Keeling, L.J. |
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Title |
Identifying potential risk situations for humans when removing horses from groups |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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136 |
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1 |
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37-43 |
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Equine; Group; Human; Handling; Injury |
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Removing a horse from its social group may be considered risky, both for the handler and the horse, because other horses can interfere in the catching process. The main aim of this study was to identify where and when these risk situations occur while removing a horse from its group. A potential risk situation was defined by the closeness of loose horses in the group or by any physical contact with them. Whether the number of horses following would be influenced by the social rank of the horse being led out, and whether more horses would follow to the gate when a larger proportion of the group was removed compared to when a single horse was taken out were also investigated. Thirty-two mares (1–2 years) were kept in groups of four. All horses were taken out of their home paddock twice alone (64 tests) and twice with a companion (32 tests). One handler (or two handlers when two horses were removed) was asked to approach (phase 1) and catch the target horse (phase 2), walk it to the centre of the paddock and remain stationary at a post for 30 s (phase 3), walk to the paddock entrance (phase 4) and through the gate (phase 5). The number of horses following, and the number of loose horses in proximity (<2 m, 2–5 m) to the target horse and handler was estimated, and horse–horse and horse–human interactions were recorded continuously for the five scoring phases. Significantly more loose horses were within 2 m of a single target horse during the phases approach (mean ± SD: 1.5 ± 0.8), catch (1.6 ± 0.9) and post (1.7 ± 0.7) than during walk (1.0 ± 0.5) and gate (1.1 ± 0.6). Rank did not influence the number of horses following to the gate (high rank: 2.4 ± 0.7; lower rank: 2.0 ± 1.0; P = 0.396) and interactions between horses were rare. A greater proportion of the loose horses followed when two horses (0.9 ± 0.2) were removed compared to when a single horse (0.7 ± 0.3) was taken out (P = 0.011). In conclusion, maintaining a distance to other horses in the group by reducing the time being relatively stationary, so giving loose horses fewer chances to approach, is likely to contribute to improved handler's safety. Removing a small proportion of the group may also decrease the probability of the other horses following. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5491 |
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Heyes, C. |
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Title |
What's social about social learning? |
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2012 |
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J Comp Psychol |
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120 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Heyes2012 |
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6228 |
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Lancet, Y.; Dukas, R. |
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Title |
Socially Influenced Behaviour and Learning in Locusts |
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2012 |
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Ethology |
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118 |
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3 |
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302-310 |
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As a part of our research on the evolution of social learning in insects, we examined socially influenced behaviour and social learning in desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) nymphs and adults. In the nymphs, the only positive effect we documented was an increased tendency to feed while in the company of another locust than alone. The adults, on the other hand, showed significant preference for joining others (local enhancement) in both the contexts of feeding and egg laying. Neither nymphs nor adults, however, showed social learning. Our preliminary analyses pointed to locusts as a likely insect that might possess social learning. Our research, when taken together with research on phase-shifts and swarm/marching behaviour of gregarious locusts, suggests that the behavioural dynamics of gregarious locusts may make local enhancement but not social learning beneficial. The possible difference we documented between the nymphs and adults could enable us to further explore the proximate and ultimate mechanisms that underlie socially influenced behaviour. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1439-0310 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5593 |
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Smaers, J.B.; Dechmann, D.K.N.; Goswami, A.; Soligo, C.; Safi, K. |
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Comparative analyses of evolutionary rates reveal different pathways to encephalization in bats, carnivorans, and primates |
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2012 |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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109 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Smaers2012 |
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6238 |
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Henry, S.; Zanella, A.J.; Sankey, C.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Marko, A.; Hausberger, M. |
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Adults may be used to alleviate weaning stress in domestic foals (Equus caballus) |
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2012 |
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Physiology & Behavior |
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106 |
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4 |
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428-438 |
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Weaning; Social influence; Abnormal behaviours; Young-adult interactions; Welfare; Horse |
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The present study aims to investigate whether the presence of unrelated adult horses at weaning would reduce the social stress of weaning and the emergence of undesirable behaviours. We tested this hypothesis in 32 domestic foals by comparing short and medium term behavioural and physiological responses to weaning in foals maintained in homogeneous groups of peers (PW) to those of foals grouped with both peers and unrelated adults (AW). In total, three trials were conducted, which each trial consisting of one AW group and one PW group. In all foals, weaning was followed by increased vocalization, increased locomotion and increased salivary cortisol concentration. However, signs of stress were less pronounced and shorter in duration in weanlings housed with unrelated adults (e.g. whinnies: p < 0.05; salivary cortisol: p < 0.05). Only foals without adults exhibited increased aggressiveness towards peers (p < 0.05) and abnormal behaviours (p < 0.05) such as excessive wood-chewing and redirected sucking towards peers. In conclusion, introducing adults to minimize weaning stress in foals and later on aggressiveness and abnormal behaviours appears as the most promising approach to date. |
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0031-9384 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5689 |
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Palme, R.; Touma, C.; Arias,N.; Dominchin, M.F.; Lepschy, M. |
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Title |
Steroid extraction: Get the best out of faecal samples |
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2012 |
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Veterinary Medicine Austria |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Med. Austria |
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100 |
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238-246 |
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Faecal steroid hormone metabolites are becoming increasingly popular as parameters for reproductive functions and stress. Theextraction of the steroids from the faecal matrix represents the initial step before quantification can be performed. The steroid metabolites present in the faecal matrix are of varying polarity and composition, so selection of a proper extraction procedure is essential. There have been some studies to address this complex but often neglected point. Radiolabelled
steroids (e.g. cortisol or progesterone) have frequently been added to faecal samples to estimate the efficiency of the extraction procedures used. However, native, unmetabolized steroids are normally not present in the faeces and therefore the results are artificial and do not accurately reflect the actual recoveries of the substances of interest. In this respect, recovery experiments based on faecal samples from radiometabolism studies are more informative. In these samples, the metabolite content accurately reflects the mixture of metabolites present in the given species. As a result, it is possible to evaluate different extraction methods for use with faecal samples. We present studies on sheep, horses, pigs, hares and dogs that utilized samples containing naturally metabolized, 14C-labelled steroids. |
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Review, faeces, extrac- tion, non-invasive hormone moni- toring, stress, reproduction. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6046 |
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Author |
Hausberger, M.; Fureix, C.; Bourjade, M.; Wessel-Robert, S.; Richard-Yris, M.-A. |
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Title |
On the significance of adult play: what does social play tell us about adult horse welfare? |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Naturwissenschaften |
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99 |
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4 |
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291-302 |
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Social play; Stress indicators; Animal welfare; Domestic horse |
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Play remains a mystery and adult play even more so. More typical of young stages in healthy individuals, it occurs rarely at adult stages but then more often in captive/domestic animals, which can imply spatial, social and/or feeding deprivations or restrictions that are challenging to welfare, than in animals living in natural conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adult play may reflect altered welfare states and chronic stress in horses, in which, as in several species, play rarely occurs at adult stages in natural conditions. We observed the behaviour (in particular, social play) of riding school horses during occasional outings in a paddock and measured several stress indicators when these horses were in their individual home boxes. Our results revealed that (1) the number of horses and rates of adult play appeared very high compared to field report data and (2) most stress indicators measured differed between ‘players’ and ‘non-players’, revealing that most ‘playful’ animals were suffering from more chronic stress than ‘non-playful’ horses. Frequency of play behaviour correlated with a score of chronic stress. This first discovery of a relationship between adult play and altered welfare opens new lines of research that certainly deserves comparative studies in a variety of species. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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0028-1042 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5649 |
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Author |
Krueger, Tom |
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Title |
Rinder- und Pferdebeweidung ist gut für die Natur |
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2012 |
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Junge Wissenscahften |
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93 |
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28-35 |
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Rinder und Pferde werden in den Abruzzen das ganze Jahr auf großen Weiden gehalten. Dies fördert nachweislich den Artenreichtum, verbessert die Bodenqualität und trägt durch Kohlenstoffbindung zum Klimaschutz bei. |
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0179 8529 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5614 |
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Casella, S.; Fazio, F.; Giannetto, C.; Giudice, E.; Piccione, G. |
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Influence of transportation on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in horse |
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2012 |
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Research in Veterinary Science |
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93 |
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2 |
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914-917 |
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Acute phase proteins; Horse; Transportation stress; Welfare; White Blood Cells |
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The modifications of Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Fibrinogen (Fbg) and White Blood Cells (WBCs) were evaluated in 15 Saddle Italian horses. Ten horses were transported covering a distance of about 320 km within 4 h with an average speed of 80 km/h (experimental group) and five horses were not subject to transportation (control group). Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture before the transportation (T0), immediately after the transportation (T1), 12 (T12), 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) hours after the transportation in experimental group and at the same time point in control group. For each parameter statistical analysis of different groups and sampling time was performed using a two-way analysis of covariance, with the data before the transportation (T0) as the covariate, by the GLM procedure of SAS. For all parameters the interaction (Group × Time) was tested and it was resulted no significant. The application of statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control group and horses subjected to transportation (P < 0.01), and the influence of sampling time (P < 0.05) on Hp, SAA and WBCs. These modifications appeared to be innovative showing that equine Hp, generally considered as moderate acute phase protein, increases more rapidly than the SAA after transportation-induced stress. |
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0034-5288 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5843 |
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Ayala, I.; Martos, N.F.; Silvan, G.; Gutierrez-Panizo, C.; Clavel, J.G.; Illera, J.C. |
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Cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline serum concentrations in relation to disease and stress in the horse |
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2012 |
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Research in Veterinary Science |
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93 |
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1 |
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103-107 |
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Horse; Disease; Cortisol; Acth; Serotonin; Catecholamines; Stress |
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No detailed comparative data are available on the hormonal parameters of horses suffering from a number of diseases. The aim of our study was to measure concentrations of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline in horses with various diseases and following surgery, to assess the response of the HPA axis and adrenal medulla. Blood samples were obtained from six groups of horses comprising a total of 119 animals as follows: laminitis, acute abdominal syndrome (AAS), castration surgery, acute diseases, chronic diseases and healthy controls. Serum hormonal concentrations were determined for each group for comparison. Statistically significant differences between all groups and controls were found for cortisol, ACTH (except for castration), serotonin and adrenaline concentrations but only in horses with laminitis and AAS for noradrenaline. No statistically significant differences were found between males and females. The largest changes in the pituitary–adrenal axis activity occurred mainly in acute diseases, laminitis and in the AAS group. |
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0034-5288 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5935 |
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