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van de Waal, E.; Bshary, R. |
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Contact with human facilities appears to enhance technical skills in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) |
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2010 |
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Folia Primatol |
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81 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ van de Waal2010 |
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6265 |
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Author |
Bergmüller, R.; Taborsky, M. |
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Title |
Animal personality due to social niche specialisation |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
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25 |
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9 |
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504-511 |
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The existence of 'animal personality', i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, is an evolutionary puzzle that has recently generated considerable research interest. Although social factors are generally considered to be important, it is as yet unclear how they might select for personality. Drawing from ecological niche theory, we explore how social conflict and alternative social options can be key factors in the evolution and development of consistent individual differences in behaviour. We discuss how animal personality research might benefit from insights into the study of alternative tactics and illustrate how selection can favour behavioural diversification and consistency due to fitness benefits resulting from conflict reduction among social partners. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6646 |
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Detto, T.; Jennions, M. D.; Backwell, P. R. Y. |
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Title |
When and Why Do Territorial Coalitions Occur? Experimental Evidence from a Fiddler Crab |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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The American Naturalist |
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Am Nat |
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175 |
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5 |
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E119-E125 |
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coalitions, cooperation, dear enemy, fiddler crabs, fighting, territoriality. |
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Neighboring territory owners are often less aggressive toward each other than to strangers (“dear enemy” effect). There is, however, little evidence for territorial defense coalitions whereby a neighbor will temporarily leave his/her own territory, enter that of a neighbor, and cooperate in repelling a conspecific intruder. This is surprising, as theoreticians have long posited the existence of such coalitions and the circumstances under which they should evolve. Here we document territorial defense coalitions in the African fiddler crab Uca annulipes, which lives in large colonies wherein each male defends a burrow and its surrounding area against neighbors and “floaters” (burrowless males). Fights between a resident and a floater sometimes involve another male who has left his territory to fight the floater challenging his neighbor. Using simple experiments, we provide the first evidence of the rules determining when territorial coalitions form. Our results support recent models that suggest that these coalitions arise from by‐product mutualism. |
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doi: 10.1086/651588 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5112 |
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Author |
Sueur, C.; Jacobs, A.; Amblard, F.; Petit, O.; King, A.J. |
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How can social network analysis improve the study of primate behavior? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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American Journal of Primatology |
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Am. J. Primatol. |
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73 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
703-719 |
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interaction; association; social system; social structure; methodology; behavioral sampling |
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Abstract When living in a group, individuals have to make trade-offs, and compromise, in order to balance the advantages and disadvantages of group life. Strategies that enable individuals to achieve this typically affect inter-individual interactions resulting in nonrandom associations. Studying the patterns of this assortativity using social network analyses can allow us to explore how individual behavior influences what happens at the group, or population level. Understanding the consequences of these interactions at multiple scales may allow us to better understand the fitness implications for individuals. Social network analyses offer the tools to achieve this. This special issue aims to highlight the benefits of social network analysis for the study of primate behaviour, assessing it's suitability for analyzing individual social characteristics as well as group/population patterns. In this introduction to the special issue, we first introduce social network theory, then demonstrate with examples how social networks can influence individual and collective behaviors, and finally conclude with some outstanding questions for future primatological research. Am. J. Primatol. 73:703?719, 2011. ? 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0275-2565 |
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doi: 10.1002/ajp.20915 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6410 |
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Author |
Proops, L.; Walton, M.; McComb, K. |
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The use of human-given cues by domestic horses, Equus caballus, during an object choice task |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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79 |
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6 |
Pages |
1205-1209 |
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domestication; Equus caballus; horse; interspecific communication; marker cue; pointing; social cognition |
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Selection pressures during domestication are thought to lead to an enhanced ability to use human-given cues. Horses fulfil a wide variety of roles for humans and have been domesticated for at least 5000 years but their ability to read human cues has not been widely studied. We tested the ability of 28 horses to attend to human-given cues in an object choice task. We included five different cues: distal sustained pointing, momentary tapping, marker placement, body orientation and gaze (head) alternation. Horses were able to use the pointing and marker placement cues spontaneously but not the tapping, body orientation and gaze alternation cues. The overall pattern of responding suggests that horses may use cues that provide stimulus enhancement at the time of choice and do not have an understanding of the communicative nature of the cues given. As such, their proficiency at this task appears to be inferior to that of domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, but similar to that of domestic goats, Caprus hircus. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5083 |
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Bonanni, R.; Cafazzo, S.; Valsecchi, P.; Natoli, E. |
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Title |
Effect of affiliative and agonistic relationships on leadership behaviour in free-ranging dogs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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79 |
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5 |
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981-991 |
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affiliative relationship; agonistic dominance; Canis lupus familiaris; consensus costs; consensus decisions; domestic dog; formal dominance; individual variation in leadership |
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Consensus decisions about the nature and timing of group activities allow animals to maintain group cohesiveness, but also entail costs because individuals often differ with respect to their optimal activity budgets. Two mechanisms whereby animals reach a consensus include ‘consistent leadership’, in which a single dominant individual makes the decision, and ‘variable leadership’ in which several group members contribute to the decision outcome. Sharing of consensus decisions is expected to reduce consensus costs to most group members. Both patterns are thought to emerge from the complexity of social relationships of group members. We investigated the distribution of leadership during group departures in two packs of free-ranging dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, and tested how its distribution between individuals was affected by dominance rank-related affiliative and agonistic relationships. Although leadership was not entirely concentrated on a single group member, both packs had a limited number of habitual leaders. In the largest pack, the pattern of leadership changed from ‘variable’ to nearly ‘consistent’ after its size had shrunk. Habitual leaders were usually old and high-ranking individuals. However, high-ranking dogs that received affiliative submissions in greeting ceremonies were more likely to lead than dominant dogs receiving submissions only in agonistic contexts. During resting times, habitual followers associated more closely with habitual leaders than with other followers. These results suggest that in social species collective movements may arise from the effort of subordinates to maintain close proximity with specific valuable social partners. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5177 |
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Faria, J.J.; Dyer, J.R.G.; Tosh, C.R.; Krause, J. |
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Title |
Leadership and social information use in human crowds |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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79 |
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4 |
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895-901 |
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collective animal behaviour; group; human; inadvertent social cue; information; leadership |
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One of the big challenges for group-living animals is to find out who in a group has pertinent information (regarding food or predators) at any moment in time, because informed individuals may not be obviously recognizable to other group members. We found that individuals in human groups were capable of identifying those with information, and this identification increased group performance: the speed and accuracy of groups in reaching a target. Using video analysis we found how informed individuals might have been identified by other group members by means of inadvertent social cues (such as starting order, time spent following and group position). Furthermore, we were able to show that at least one of these cues, the group position of informed individuals, was indeed correlated with group performance. Our final experiment confirmed that leadership was even more efficient when the group members were given the identity of the leader. We discuss the effect of information status regarding the presence and identity of leaders on collective animal behaviour. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5192 |
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Sárová, R.; Spinka, M.; Panamá, J.L.A.; Simecek, P. |
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Graded leadership by dominant animals in a herd of female beef cattle on pasture |
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2010 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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79 |
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5 |
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1037-1045 |
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Bos taurus; cattle; dominance; foraging; Gps; group movement; leadership |
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The role of dominant individuals in leading groups of animals is not yet well understood. We investigated whether dominant beef cows, Bos taurus, have more influence on herd movement on pasture than more subordinate cows. A herd of 15 Gasconne cows was observed for a 3-week period between dawn and dusk. The positions of all adult cows were recorded with GPS collars at 1 min intervals and the behaviour of each cow was recorded in 5 min scans. The dominance hierarchy was recorded by ad libitum sampling. Through cluster analysis of the recorded data, we distinguished three herd behaviour patterns: resting, foraging and travelling. Dominant cows were closer to the front of the herd during both travelling and foraging. During travelling, more dominant cows also had more direct trajectories and were more aligned both with their nearest neighbours and with the whole herd. During foraging, the trajectories of dominant cows were shorter than those of subordinate cows. The results indicate that foraging and short-distance travelling movements by female beef cattle are not led by any particular individual but rather are influenced by a graded type of leadership; that is, the more dominant a cow is, the stronger the influence it may have on the movements of the herd. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5271 |
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Stennett, C.R.; Strauss, R.E. |
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Behavioural lateralization in zebrafish and four related species of minnows (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae) |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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79 |
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6 |
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1339-1342 |
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binary data; Cyprinidae; Danio rerio; fish; laterality; monocular test; motor bias; score test; zebrafish |
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Behavioural lateralization has been observed in many species of fishes during stimulus-specific tasks. However, one area that has been overlooked is the study of naïve side bias in motor behaviour of fishes in the absence of direct visual stimulus. To this end, we examined naïve side biases in motor behaviour in five species of minnows (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae). Fifteen individuals of each species were subjected to a T-shaped test arena, with 40 randomized replicates per individual. We took advantage of rheotaxis by running a slow current of water through each arm of the test apparatus. Of the 75 individuals tested, 55 showed a rightward turning preference. The overall right-biased behaviour observed in these fishes in the absence of systematic stimulus strongly suggests that a stimulus-free control condition be included in the experimental design whenever plausible for studies of laterality in fishes and presumably in other organisms. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5358 |
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Sankey, C.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Leroy, H.; Henry, S.; Hausberger, M. |
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Positive interactions lead to lasting positive memories in horses, Equus caballus |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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Anim. Behav. |
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79 |
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4 |
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869-875 |
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Equus caballus; horse; human–animal relationship; learning; memory; positive interaction; social cognition |
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Social relationships are important in social species. These relationships, based on repeated interactions, define each partner's expectations during the following encounters. The creation of a relationship implies high social cognitive abilities which require that each partner is able to associate the positive or negative content of an interaction with a specific partner and to recall this association. In this study, we tested the effects of repeated interactions on the memory kept by 23 young horses about humans, after 6 and 8 months of separation. The association of a reward with a learning task in an interactional context induced positive reactions towards humans during training. It also increased contact and interest, not only just after training, but also several months later, despite no further interaction with humans. In addition, this ‘positive memory’ of humans extended to novel persons. Overall, positive reinforcement enhanced learning and memorization of the task itself. These findings suggest remarkable social cognitive abilities that can be transposed from intraspecific to interspecific social contexts. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5418 |
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