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| Author | von Peinen, K.; Wiestner, T.; Bogisch, S.; Roepstorff, L.; Van Weeren, P.R.; Weishaupt, M.A. | ||||
| Title | Relationship between the forces acting on the horse's back and the movements of rider and horse while walking on a treadmill | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 285-291 |
| Keywords | horse; ground reaction forces; kinematics; rider; saddle force | ||||
| Abstract | Reasons for performing study: The exact relationship between the saddle pressure pattern during one stride cycle and the movements of horse and rider at the walk are poorly understood and have never been investigated in detail. Hypothesis: The movements of rider and horse account for the force distribution pattern under the saddle. Method: Vertical ground reaction forces (GRF), kinematics of horse and rider as well as saddle forces (FS) were measured synchronously in 7 high level dressage horses while being ridden on an instrumented treadmill at walk. Discrete values of the total saddle forces (FStot) were determined for each stride and related to kinematics and GRF. The pressure sensitive mat was divided into halves and sixths to assess the force distribution over the horse's back in more detail. Differences were tested using a one sample t test (P<0.05). Results: FStot of all the horses showed 3 peaks (P1-P3) and 3 minima (M1-M3) in each half-cycle, which were systematically related to the footfall sequence of the walk. Looking at the halves of the mat, force curves were 50% phase-shifted. The analysis of the FS of the 6 sections showed a clear association to the rider's and horse's movements. Conclusion: The saddle force distribution during an entire stride cycle has a distinct pattern although the force fluctuations of the FStot are small. The forces in the front thirds were clearly related to the movement of the front limbs, those in the mid part to the lateral flexion of the horse's spine and the loading of the hind part was mainly influenced by the axial rotation and lateral bending of the back. Potential relevance: These data can be used as a reference for comparing different types of saddle fit. | ||||
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| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 2042-3306 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5822 | ||
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| Author | van Duyne, C.; Ras, E.; de Vos, A.E.W.; de Boer, W.F.; Henkens, R.J.H.G.; Usukhjargal, D. | ||||
| Title | Wolf Predation Among Reintroduced Przewalski Horses in Hustai National Park, Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Journal of Wildlife Management | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of Wildlife Management |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 836-843 |
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| Publisher | The Wildlife Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-541x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.2193/2008-027 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5776 | ||
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| Author | Zeitler-Feicht, M.H.; Streit, S.; Dempfle, L. | ||||
| Title | Abrufautomaten für Pferde im Offenlaufstall im Vergleich – Besuchshäufigkeit, Aufenthaltsdauer und Anzahl an Auseinandersetzungen [A comparison of automatic feeding systems for horses in run-out-sheds – frequency of visit, duration of stay and number of conflicts] | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | KTBL-Schrift | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 479 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | In 32 Offenlaufställen mit computergesteuerten Abrufstationen wurden die Aufenthaltsdauer und Besuchshäufigkeit sowie das Droh- und Meideverhalten von 439 Pferden im Füttererungsbereich erfasst. Je Betrieb erfolgten visuelle kontinuierliche Direktbeobachtungen nach dem Tortenstückverfahren (6 x 4 Stunden) für je einen 24-Stunden-Tag. Ziel war die Überprüfung der verschiedenen Bauausführungen der Abrufstationen unter dem Aspekt der Tiergerechtheit. Eine Einwegstation reduzierte signifikant die Anzahl an Auseinandersetzungen im Fütterungsbereich. Demgegenüber führten die für das fressende Pferd tiergerechten Varianten (Fressstand mit Eingangssperre und ohne Austreibehilfe) zu einer Erhöhung der Besuchshäufigkeit und Aufenthaltsdauer und somit auch zu einer erhöhten Anzahl an Drohgesten. Doch insgesamt betrachtet, kann die Anzahl an sozionegativen Interaktionen im Fütterungsbereich der Abrufstationen als relativ gering eingestuft werden. Da sich außerdem der Betrieb (Management, Fläche, Konzeption) als maßgeblicher Einflussfaktor auf die überprüften Parameter erwies, dürften die Unterschiede in der Bauausführung der derzeitigen Abrufstationen für Pferde eher von untergeordneter Bedeutung sein. [Duration of stay, frequency of visit, threatening gestures and behaviour of avoidance of 439 horses was observed at the feeding area of 32 run-out-sheds. The observation was based on the method of visual continuously direct watching after the pie chart system (6 x 4 hours) over a period of 24 hours. The observation should show which construction of the different automatic feeding systems corresponded best under the aspect of animal welfare. It was obvious that the one-way-station reduced significantly the number of conflicts in the feeding area, whereas those systems which are appropriate for the eating horses (feeding station with access barrier and without stimulation device by electric shock) led to a higher frequency of visits and duration of stay as well as to more threatening gestures. Considering altogether, the number of negative interactions in the feeding area of the feeding systems can be classified as comparatively unimportant. As it showed that the stable (management, stable area, conception) was of important influence on the surveyed parameters, the differences between the constructions of feeding stations for horses of present systems are probably of less meaning.] |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5775 | ||
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| Author | McGreevy, P.D.; Oddie, C.; Burton, F.L.; McLean, A.N. | ||||
| Title | The horse–human dyad: Can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid social ethogram? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | The Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Special Issue: Equitation Science |
| Volume | 181 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 12-18 |
| Keywords | Horse training; Social inter- and intra-specific communication; Learning; Counter–predator behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | This article examines the recently completed equid ethogram and shows how analogues of social interactions between horses may occur in various human–horse interactions. It discusses how some specific horse–horse interactions have a corresponding horse–human interaction – some of which may be directly beneficial for the horse while others may be unusual or even abnormal. It also shows how correspondent behaviours sometimes become inappropriate because of their duration, consistency or context. One analogue is unlikely to hold true for all horse–human contexts, so when applying any model from horse–horse interactions to human–horse interactions, the limitations of the model may eclipse the intended outcome of the intervention. These limitations are especially likely when the horse is being ridden. Such analyses may help to determine the validity of extrapolating intra-specific interactions to the inter-specific setting, as is advocated by some popular horse-training methods, and highlight the subsequent limitations where humans play the role of the ‘alpha mare’ or leader in horse handling and training. This examination provides a constructive framework for further informed debate and empirical investigation of the critical features of successful intra-specific interactions. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5729 | ||
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| Author | Fabritius, C. | ||||
| Title | Sozialstruktur einer Herde Islandpferde bei Veränderung der Gruppenzusammenstellung | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Die Domestikation des Pferdes begann wahrscheinlich etwa 5500 v. Chr. in Südosteuropa. In Mitteleuropa traten circa 3000 v. Chr. die ersten Hauspferde auf. Grundsätzlich wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich die Ansprüche des Pferdes hinsichtlich der Lebensbedingungen, welche sich im Laufe der Evolution über Millionen von Jahren entwickelt haben, in der Obhut des Menschen nicht wesentlich geändert haben. Für Pferde typisch ist das Leben im Sozialverband, der Herde (Zeitler-Feicht 2008). Diese wird auch in den Leitlinien der Sachverständigengruppe tierschutzgerechte Pferdehaltung (10. November 1995) empfohlen, sofern es nicht durch zu häufigen Wechsel im Bestand zu einem Übermaß an Stress und agonistischen Aktionen kommt. Ziel der Arbeit war es, anhand eines nach der Literatur erstellten Ethogramms des Sozialverhaltens des Pferdes, herauszufinden, inwieweit Änderungen der Gruppenstruktur die sozialen Beziehungen beeinflussten. Die Fragestellung bezog sich auf eine Herde in Offenstallhaltung. Um die eventuellen Veränderungen der sozialen Interaktionen zu untersuchen, wurde erst die vorhandene Gruppenstruktur der Herde festgestellt. Danach wurde ein Individuum aus der Herde entfernt und ein anderes dazugestellt. Anschließend wurde die Gesamtgruppe in zwei Untergruppen geteilt und nach einem gewissen Zeitraum erneut zusammengeführt. Dabei wurden jeweils die Interaktionen der Pferde anhand des Ethogramms beobachtet, aufgezeichnet und protokolliert. Untersuchungsgegenstand war eine Herde Islandpferde, die in einer Ausgangsgruppe von 16 Tieren gehalten wurde. Die Beschreibung einer sozialen Ordnung im Allgemeinen und einer Rangordnung im Besonderen wird in vielen Studien ausschließlich auf der Basis der Beobachtung und Bewertung offensiv aggressiver Verhaltenselemente durchgeführt. Aggressives Verhalten muss hingegen im Gegensatz zu Verhaltensweisen, die die Anerkennung des sozialen Status des anderen Pferdes bedeuten, wie Abwenden oder Meiden, nicht notwendigerweise ein Anzeichen von Dominanz über ein anderes Tier bedeuten (Van Hoof u. Wensing 1987, Schilder 1988). Ein weiterer Aspekt dieser Arbeit sollte sein, eine Möglichkeit zu finden, die Sozialstruktur auch auf der Grundlage defensiver und soziopositiver Verhaltenselemente zu definieren. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Hannover | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5727 | ||
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| Author | Flauger, B.; Krueger, K.; Gerhards, H.; Moestl, E. | ||||
| Title | Measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in horse faeces: the validation of different group specific enzymeimmunoassays and extraction methods. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Proceeding of the 102. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft (DZG). | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 166 | ||
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| Publisher | Dt. Zoologische Ges | Place of Publication | München | Editor | Cremer,S.;Schrempf,A.;Heinze,J. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-00-028368-0 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5718 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. | ||||
| Title | Horses (Equus caballus) show respect and trust in their owners | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Program of the 4. Thementagung der Ethologischen Gesellschaft, Februar 12 -14, 2009. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 32 | ||
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| Publisher | Dpz. | Place of Publication | Göttingen | Editor | Kappeler, P.M.; Schwibbe, M. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2009 | Serial | 5717 | ||
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| Author | Krueger,K.; Flauger, B. | ||||
| Title | Social and individual olfaction through horse faeces (Equus caballus) | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Program of the 4. Thementagung der Ethologischen Gesellschaft, Februar 12 -14, 2009. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 23 | ||
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| Publisher | Dpz. | Place of Publication | Göttingen | Editor | Kappeler,P.M. ; Schwibbe, M. |
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5716 | ||
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| Author | Hausberger, M.; Gautier, E.; Biquand, V.; Lunel, C.; Jégo, P. | ||||
| Title | Could Work Be a Source of Behavioural Disorders? A Study in Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | PLoS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | PLoS ONE |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 10 | Pages | e7625 EP - |
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| Abstract | <p>Stress at work, as shown by a number of human studies, may lead to a variety of negative and durable effects, such as impaired psychological functioning (anxiety, depression…). Horses share with humans this characteristic of working on a daily basis and are submitted then to work stressors related to physical constraints and/or more “psychological” conflicts, such as potential controversial orders from the riders or the requirement to suppress emotions. On another hand, horses may perform abnormal repetitive behaviour (“stereotypies”) in response to adverse life conditions. In the present study, we investigated whether the type of work the horses are used for may have an impact on their tendency to show stereotypic behaviour (and its type) outside work. Observations in their box of 76 horses all living in the same conditions, belonging to one breed and one sex, revealed that the prevalence and types of stereotypies performed strongly depended upon the type of work they were used for. The stereotypies observed involved mostly mouth movements and head tossing/nodding. Work constraints probably added to unfavourable living conditions, favouring the emergence of chronic abnormal behaviours. This is especially remarkable as the 23 hours spent in the box were influenced by the one hour work performed every day. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of potential effects of work stressors on the emergence of abnormal behaviours in an animal species. It raises an important line of thought on the chronic impact of the work situation on the daily life of individuals.</p> | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5707 | ||
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| Author | Hoffmann, G.; Bockisch, F.-J.; Kreimeier, P. | ||||
| Title | Einfluss des Haltungssystems auf die Bewegungsaktivität und Stressbelastung bei Pferden in Auslaufhaltungssystemen | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Landbauforschung – vTI Agriculture and Forestry Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 59 | Pages | 105-112 |
| Keywords | Bewegung, Cortisol, Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HFV), Pferd, Verhalten [movement, cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV), horse, behaviour] | ||||
| Abstract | Frühere Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die tägliche Bewegung für die Gesunderhaltung der Pferde notwendig ist. Inwieweit sich jedoch unterschiedliche Bewegungsangebote auf das Stress-und Bewegungsverhalten von Pferden in einer Gruppen-Auslaufhaltung auswirken und ob der Bewegungsbedarf der Pferde durch eine Auslaufhaltung ohne zusätzliche Bewegung gedeckt werden kann, ist der Literatur bisher nicht zu entnehmen. Daher sollte in der nachfolgend beschriebenen Untersuchung der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Auswirkungen verschiedene Bewegungsangebote auf die Bewegungsaktivität von Pferden in Gruppen-Auslaufhaltungen haben und ob diese das Wohlbefinden der Tiere beeinflussen. Letzteres wurde durch Messung der Herzfrequenzvariabilität und Bestimmung von Cortisolmetaboliten im Pferdekot erfasst und die Bewegungsaktivität der Pferde wurde mit ALT-Pedometern bestimmt. Verglichen wurden eine Einzel-und Gruppenhaltung mit jeweils angrenzendem Auslauf, aber ohne eine zusätzliche Bewegung der Pferde außerhalb des Stalls. In drei weiteren Varianten der Gruppenhaltung bekamen die Pferde täglichen Auslauf auf einer unbegrünten Koppel, auf einer Weide oder durch gezielte Bewegung in einer Führanlage. Die Bewegungsaktivität konnte durch die zusätzliche Bewegung in Form von Weide oder Führanlage signifikant gesteigert werden. Ein zusätzliches Bewegungsangebot führte bei den Pferden zu einer Abnahme der Stressbelastung und sollte auch den Pferden ermöglicht werden, die in einer Gruppenhaltung gehalten werden, um ihre physische und psychische Gesundheit zu erhalten. [Former studies confirm the necessity of daily movement for the health of a horse. But so far no description could be found in the literature how different movement offerings impact the stress and movement behaviour of horses in group husbandries with close-by discharge. The same holds true for the question whether a discharge husbandry system can meet the movement requirements of horses if there isn�t any additional movement possibility. The aim of the present study was to examine different movement offerings, their effects on the movement activities of horses in a group horse husbandry with close-by discharge and the impact of the movement on the wellbeing of the animals. The heart rate variability and the concentration of the cortisol metabolites in the horse excrement were analyzed for detecting the wellbeing of the horses. Additionally ALT-Pedometers were used for determining the movement activity. A single and a group husbandry system, each with closeby discharge, were compared when horses had no additional movement outside the stable. In three further variants the group husbandry was supplemented with daily time on a non-grassy pasture land, a pasture or in a horse walker. Pasture or horse walker increased movement activity significantly. Nevertheless an additional movement offering resulted in a lower stress load of the horses and should also be allowed to horses in group husbandry systems to ensure the horse�s physical and mental health.] |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5661 | ||
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