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	Author	Moskat, C.; Hauber, M.E.
	Title	Conflict between egg recognition and egg rejection decisions in common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) hosts			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) are obligate brood parasites, laying eggs into nests of small songbirds. The cuckoo hatchling evicts all eggs and young from a nest, eliminating hosts' breeding success. Despite the consistently high costs of parasitism by common cuckoos, great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) hosts sometime accept and other times reject parasitic eggs. To explore the cognitive basis of this seemingly maladaptive variation in host responses, we documented differences in egg rejection rates within 1-day periods just before and during the egg-laying cycle across host nests. Hosts rejected cuckoo eggs at 28% of nests during the pre-egg-laying stage, but when cuckoos exchanged the first host egg with the parasite egg, rejections increased to 75%. Even later, when several host eggs remained in a nest after parasitism, rejection rate fell to 37.5%. Experimental parasitism with conspecific eggs on the first and second day of host laying showed a similar directional change in relative rejection rates, dropping from 35 to 0%. Mistakes in egg discrimination (ejection error and ejection cost) were observed mostly in the latter part of the laying cycle, mainly when nests contained 5-6 eggs. These correlational and experimental patterns of egg rejection support a cognitive process of egg discrimination through several shifts in hosts' optimal acceptance thresholds of foreign eggs. The results are also consistent with the evolution of foreign egg rejection in the context of nest-sanitation (i.e. the removal of foreign objects). Our results suggest that common cuckoo hosts may recognize more eggs than they reject. This implies that the experience of the host with one or more of its own eggs in the clutch is a key factor in rejecting parasite eggs by allowing inspection and learning about their own clutch.
	Address	Animal Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, c/o Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Ludovika ter 2., 1083, Hungary, moskat@nhmus.hu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17279422			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2421
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	Author	Mormède, P.; Andanson, S.; Aupérin, B.; Beerda, B.; Guémené, D.; Malmkvist, J.; Manteca, X.; Manteuffel, G.; Prunet, P.; van Reenen, C.G.; Richard, S.; Veissier, I.
	Title	Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Physiology & Behavior	Abbreviated Journal	Physiol. Behav.
	Volume	92	Issue	3	Pages	317-339
	Keywords	Stress; Animal welfare; HPA axis; Glucocorticoid hormones; Acth; Dexamethasone suppression test; Cattle; Pig; Fur animals; Mink; Fox; Poultry; Fish
	Abstract	Measuring HPA axis activity is the standard approach to the study of stress and welfare in farm animals. Although the reference technique is the use of blood plasma to measure glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol or corticosterone), several alternative methods such as the measurement of corticosteroids in saliva, urine or faeces have been developed to overcome the stress induced by blood sampling itself. In chronic stress situations, as is frequently the case in studies about farm animal welfare, hormonal secretions are usually unchanged but dynamic testing allows the demonstration of functional changes at several levels of the system, including the sensitization of the adrenal cortex to ACTH and the resistance of the axis to feedback inhibition by corticosteroids (dexamethasone suppression test). Beyond these procedural aspects, the main pitfall in the use of HPA axis activity is in the interpretation of experimental data. The large variability of the system has to be taken into consideration, since corticosteroid hormone secretion is usually pulsatile, follows diurnal and seasonal rhythms, is influenced by feed intake and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, age and physiological state, just to cite the main sources of variation. The corresponding changes reflect the important role of glucocorticoid hormones in a number of basic physiological processes such as energy metabolism and central nervous system functioning. Furthermore, large differences have been found across species, breeds and individuals, which reflect the contribution of genetic factors and environmental influences, especially during development, in HPA axis functioning. Usually, these results will be integrated with data from behavioral observation, production and pathology records in a comprehensive approach of farm animal welfare.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4454
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	Author	Morell, V.
	Title	Nicola Clayton profile. Nicky and the jays			Type
	Year	2007	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	315	Issue	5815	Pages	1074-1075
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; England; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Intelligence; Memory; Passeriformes/*physiology; Portraits
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17322042			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2833
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	Author	Momozawa, Y.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tozaki, T.; Kikusui, T.; Hasegawa, T.; Raudsepp, T.; Chowdhary, B.P.; Kusunose, R.; Mori, Y.
	Title	SNP detection and radiation hybrid mapping in horses of nine candidate genes for temperament			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Animal Genetics	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Genet
	Volume	38	Issue	1	Pages	81-83
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Horses/genetics/physiology; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Radiation Hybrid Mapping; Temperament
	Abstract
	Address	Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-9146	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17257195			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1834
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	Author	Mithen, S.
	Title	Did farming arise from a misapplication of social intelligence?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci.
	Volume	362	Issue	1480	Pages	705-718
	Keywords
	Abstract	The origins of farming is the defining event of human history – the one turning point that has resulted in modern humans having a quite different type of lifestyle and cognition to all other animals and past types of humans. With the economic basis provided by farming, human individuals and societies have developed types of material culture that greatly augment powers of memory and computation, extending the human mental capacity far beyond that which the brain alone can provide. Archaeologists have long debated and discussed why people began living in settled communities and became dependent on cultivated plants and animals, which soon evolved into domesticated forms. One of the most intriguing explanations was proposed more than 20 years ago not by an archaeologist but by a psychologist: Nicholas Humphrey suggested that farming arose from the “misapplication of social intelligence”. I explore this idea in relation to recent discoveries and archaeological interpretations in the Near East, arguing that social intelligence has indeed played a key role in the origin of farming and hence the emergence of the modern world.
	Address
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3529
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	Author	Mills, D.S.
	Title	Comments about the importance of behaviour to equine clinicians			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet J
	Volume	39	Issue	1	Pages	95
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Clinical Competence; Horses/physiology; Humans; Veterinarians/psychology; Veterinary Medicine/*standards
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0425-1644	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17228604			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1839
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	Author	Miller-Butterworth, C.M.; Kaplan, J.R.; Barmada, M.M.; Manuck, S.B.; Ferrell, R.E.
	Title	The Serotonin Transporter: Sequence Variation in Macaca fascicularis and its Relationship to Dominance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Behav Genet
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Specific genotypes of the rhesus monkey and human serotonin transporter gene (SERT) promoter region are associated with personality traits and serotonergic activity. However, the most commonly studied promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is monomorphic in many other monkey species. To date, no systematic search for alternative potentially functional polymorphisms across the remaining coding parts of the gene has been undertaken in other primate species, despite the crucial role SERT plays in modulating serotonergic tone. We investigated whether sequence variation in this gene is associated with social rank and serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) differences in 524 cynomolgus macaques. Sequence variation and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the regulatory and coding regions were initially characterized in 92 macaques. The exons and promoter contained 28 polymorphisms, more than double that recorded for human SERT. In further contrast to humans, the macaque SERT showed no significant LD. Potentially functional polymorphisms were genotyped in all animals. No individual variants or haplotypes were significantly associated with social rank or 5-HIAA concentrations; however, certain serotonin transporter diplotypes may modulate acquisition of dominance status.
	Address	Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, A300 Crabtree Hall, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, cbutterworth@hgen.pitt.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0001-8244	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17605101			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4104
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	Author	Meschan, E.M.; Peham, C.; Schobesberger, H.; Licka, T.F.
	Title	The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	The Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	173	Issue	3	Pages	578-584
	Keywords	Saddle fit; Kinematics; Kinetics; Pressure; Saddletree
	Abstract	As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as “too-narrow” if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and “too-wide” if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as “very-wide”. In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm2 +/- 0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm2 +/- 0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm2 +/- 0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm2 +/- 0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm2 +/- 0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm2 +/- 0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm2 +/- 0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm2 +/- 0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm2 +/- 0.10/ 0.63 N/cm2 +/- 0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm2 +/- 0.22/1.27 N/cm2 +/- 0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ knut @			Serial	4349
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	Author	Meral, Y.; Cakiroglu, D.; Sancak, A.A.; Cyftcy, G.; Karabacak, A.
	Title	Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift	Abbreviated Journal	Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
	Volume	114	Issue	1	Pages	30-32
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Case-Control Studies; Female; Horses/blood; Lipids/blood; Male; Serotonin/*blood
	Abstract	Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids.
	Address	Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey. ymeral@omu.edu.t
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0341-6593	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17252934			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1835
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	Author	Mennecke, B.E.; Townsend, A.M.; Hayes, D.J.; Lonergan, S.M.
	Title	A study of the factors that influence consumer attitudes toward beef products using the conjoint market analysis tool			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	jas.2006-495-
	Keywords
	Abstract	This study utilizes an analysis technique commonly used in marketing, the conjoint method, to examine the relative utilities of a set of beef steak characteristics considered by a national sample of 1,432 US consumers, as well as additional localized samples representing undergraduate students at a business college and in an animal science department. The analyses indicate that among all respondents, region of origin is by far the most important characteristic; this is followed by animal breed, traceability, animal feed, and beef quality. Alternatively, the cost of cut, farm ownership, the use (or non-use) of growth promoters, and whether the product is guaranteed tender were the least important factors. Results for animal science undergraduates are similar to the aggregate results except that these students emphasized beef quality at the expense of traceability and the non-use of growth promoters. Business students also emphasized region of origin but then emphasized traceability and cost. The ideal steak for the national sample is from a locally produced choice Angus, fed a mixture of grain and grass that is traceable to the farm or origin. If the product was not produced locally respondents indicated that their preferred production states are, in order from most to least preferred, Iowa, Texas, Nebraska and Kansas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.2527/jas.2006-495			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2944
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