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| Author | Hodgson, D.; Howe, S.; Jeffcott, L.; Reid, S.; Mellor, D.; Higgins, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of prolonged use of altrenogest on behaviour in mares | Type  |
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| Year | 2005 | Publication | Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) | Abbreviated Journal | Vet J |
| Volume | 169 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 113-115 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Anabolic Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Body Constitution/drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; *Doping in Sports; Female; Horses/*physiology; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Time Factors; Trenbolone/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | Erratum in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):321. Corrected and republished in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):322-5. Oral administration of altrenogest for oestrus suppression in competition horses is believed to be widespread in some equestrian disciplines, and can be administered continuously for several months during a competition season. To examine whether altrenogest has any anabolic or other potential performance enhancing properties that may give a horse an unfair advantage, we examined the effect of oral altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg), given daily for a period of eight weeks, on social hierarchy, activity budget, body-mass and body condition score of 12 sedentary mares. We concluded that prolonged oral administration of altrenogest at recommended dose rates to sedentary mares resulted in no effect on dominance hierarchies, body mass or condition score. |
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| Address | Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Private Mailbag 4, Narellan Delivery Centre, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia. davidh@camden.usyd.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15683772 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 671 | ||
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| Author | Grogan, E.H.; McDonnell, S.M. | ||||
| Title | Behavioral responses to two intranasal vaccine applicators in horses and ponies | Type |
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| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 226 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1689-1693 |
| Keywords | Administration, Intranasal; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Immunization/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary; Male; Patient Compliance/psychology; Physical Examination/psychology/*veterinary; Vaccines/*administration & dosage; Videotape Recording | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate behavioral compliance of horses and ponies with simulated intranasal vaccination and assess development of generalized aversion to veterinary manipulations. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 28 light horse mares, 3 pony geldings, 2 light horse stallions, and 3 pony stallions that had a history of compliance with veterinary procedures. PROCEDURE: Behavioral compliance with 2 intranasal vaccine applicators was assessed. Compliance with standard physical examination procedures was assessed before and after a single experience with either of the applicators or a control manipulation to evaluate development of generalized aversion to veterinary manipulation. RESULTS: In all 30 horses, simulated intranasal vaccination or the control manipulation could be performed without problematic avoidance behavior, and simulated intranasal vaccination did not have any significant effect on duration of or compliance with a standardized physical examination that included manipulation of the ears, nose, and mouth. Results were similar for the 2 intranasal vaccine applicators, and no difference in compliance was seen between horses in which warm versus cold applicators were used. For 3 of the 6 ponies, substantial avoidance behavior was observed in association with simulated intranasal vaccination, and compliance with physical examination procedures decreased after simulated intranasal vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although some compliance problems were seen with ponies, neither problems with compliance with simulated intranasal vaccination nor adverse effects on subsequent physical examination were identified in any of the horses. Further study is needed to understand factors involved in practitioner reports of aversion developing in association with intranasal vaccination. | ||||
| Address | Equine Behavior Laboratory, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15906570 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1890 | |||
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| Author | Stürmer, K. | ||||
| Title | Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Fütterung auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt bei Ponys | Type |
Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | In der praktischen Pferdefütterung kommen regelmäßig Substanzen zum Einsatz, die einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt ausüben. Andererseits können Manipulationen des Säure-Basen-Haushaltes in der Diätetik erwünscht sein, z.B. bei Harnsteinen oder hyperkaliämischer periodischer Paralyse. Verschiebungen im Säure- Basen-Gleichgewicht treten – unabhängig von der Fütterung – außerdem bei starker körperlicher Aktivität auf, eine eventuelle Prophylaxe durch die Ernährung wird ebenfalls diskutiert. Der Einfluss der Fütterung auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt ist beim Pferd bisher nur wenig und nicht systematisch untersucht, während sich viele Arbeiten mit dem Effekt körperlicher Belastung beschäftigen. Analogieschlüsse zu anderen Spezies müssen äußerst vorsichtig betrachtet werden, da die Absorption von am Säure- Basen-Haushalt beteiligten Substanzen beim Pferd Unterschiede zu anderen Spezies aufweist (Meyer, 1982). In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte daher der Effekt von verschiedenen Chloriden (Natriumchlorid, Kalziumchlorid, Ammoniumchlorid) auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt bei Ponys geprüft werden. In den ersten Versuchsdurchgängen wurden für Kleinpferde im Erhaltungsstoffwechsel für diesen Zweck Rationen mit sehr hohen Heuanteilen verwendet. Trotz hoher Dosen des bei verschiedenen Spezies stark säuernden Ammoniumchlorids traten bei den Ponys nur relativ kleine Effekte auf. Bei der weiteren Durchsicht des Schrifttums fiel auf, dass Einzelbeobachtungen zu stark säuernden Effekten nur bei Rationen mit hohem Anteil an Kraftfutter und geringem Anteil an Rauhfutter auftraten. Daher wurde der Effekt von Ammoniumchlorid auf einer stark kraftfutterhaltigen Ration nochmals überprüft. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5162 | ||
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| Author | NICOLA J. ROONEY & JOHN W. S. BRADSHAW | ||||
| Title | Social cognition in the domestic dog: behaviour of spectators towards participants in interspecific games | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 343-352 |
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| Abstract | previous termSocial cognition,next term in particular the derivation of previous termsocialnext term information from observation of interactions between members of a previous termsocialnext term group, has been widely investigated in primates, but it has received little attention in other previous termsocialnext term mammals, although it has been anecdotally reported in the previous termdomestic dog,next term Canis familiaris. We recorded the behaviour of previous termdogsnext term (“spectators”) that had observed controlled interactions between a human and a previous termdognext term (the “demonstrator”) competing for an object, and that were subsequently allowed to interact freely with both participants. When the competitions were playful, as indicated by signals performed by the human, the spectator was more likely to approach the winner first and/or more rapidly, suggesting that winners of games are perceived as desirable previous termsocialnext term partners. When the human did not perform play signals, changing the previous termsocialnext term context from play to contest over a resource, spectators were slower to approach either of the participants, suggesting that participants in contests were less desirable as previous termsocialnext term partners than participants in games. If the previous termdognext term was prevented from seeing the game, it still reacted differently to the winner and the loser, but its behaviour was not the same as after games that it had seen. We conclude that spectator previous termdogsnext term gain information from the players' subsequent behaviour as well as from direct observation of the game. | ||||
| Address | N. J. Rooney, Anthrozoology Institute, School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, U.K. | ||||
| Corporate Author | Anthrozoology Institute, University of Bristol, U.K. | Thesis | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 29 | ||
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| Author | Wells, P.G.; Bhuller, Y.; Chen, C.S.; Jeng, W.; Kasapinovic, S.; Kennedy, J.C.; Kim, P.M.; Laposa, R.R.; McCallum, G.P.; Nicol, C.J.; Parman, T.; Wiley, M.J.; Wong, A.W. | ||||
| Title | Molecular and biochemical mechanisms in teratogenesis involving reactive oxygen species | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Toxicology and applied pharmacology | Abbreviated Journal | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol |
| Volume | 207 | Issue | 2 Suppl | Pages | 354-366 |
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| Abstract | Developmental pathologies may result from endogenous or xenobiotic-enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules and/or alter signal transduction. This minireview focuses upon several model drugs (phenytoin, thalidomide, methamphetamine), environmental chemicals (benzo[a]pyrene) and gamma irradiation to examine this hypothesis in vivo and in embryo culture using mouse, rat and rabbit models. Embryonic prostaglandin H synthases (PHSs) and lipoxygenases bioactivate xenobiotics to free radical intermediates that initiate ROS formation, resulting in oxidation of proteins, lipids and DNA. Oxidative DNA damage and embryopathies are reduced in PHS knockout mice, and in mice treated with PHS inhibitors, antioxidative enzymes, antioxidants and free radical trapping agents. Thalidomide causes embryonic DNA oxidation in susceptible (rabbit) but not resistant (mouse) species. Embryopathies are increased in mutant mice deficient in the antioxidative enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), or by glutathione (GSH) depletion, or inhibition of GSH peroxidase or GSH reductase. Inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice are partially protected. Inhibition of Ras or NF-kB pathways reduces embryopathies, implicating ROS-mediated signal transduction. Atm and p53 knockout mice deficient in DNA damage response/repair are more susceptible to xenobiotic or radiation embryopathies, suggesting a teratological role for DNA damage, consistent with enhanced susceptibility to methamphetamine in ogg1 knockout mice with deficient repair of oxidative DNA damage. Even endogenous embryonic oxidative stress carries a risk, since untreated G6PD- or ATM-deficient mice have increased embryopathies. Thus, embryonic processes regulating the balance of ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage and repair, and ROS-mediated signal transduction may be important determinants of teratological risk. | ||||
| Address | Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0041-008X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16081118 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 68 | ||
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| Author | Nicol, C.J.; Adachi, M.; Akiyama, T.E.; Gonzalez, F.J. | ||||
| Title | PPARgamma in endothelial cells influences high fat diet-induced hypertension | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of hypertension : journal of the American Society of Hypertension | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Hypertens |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | 4 Pt 1 | Pages | 549-556 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells/*metabolism; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects; Hypertension/*etiology; Ligands; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; PPAR gamma/*metabolism; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands improve human hypertension. However, the mechanism and site of this effect remains unknown, confounded by PPARgamma expression in many cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS: To evaluate the vascular role of PPARgamma we used a conditional null mouse model. Specific disruption of PPARgamma in ECs was created by crossing Tie2-Cre+ transgenic (T2T+) and PPARgamma-floxed (fl/fl) mice to generate PPARgamma (fl/fl)T2T+ (PPARgamma E-null) mice. Conscious 8- to 12-week-old congenic PPARgamma (fl/fl)Cre- (wild type) and PPARgamma E-null mice were examined for changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), untreated, after 2 months of salt-loading (drinking water), and after treatment for 3 months with high fat (HF) diet alone or supplemented during the last 2 weeks with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/d). RESULTS: Untreated PPARgamma E-nulls were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. However, compared to similarly treated wild types, HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls had significantly elevated systolic BP not seen after normal diet or salt-loading. Despite sex-dependent baseline differences, salt-loaded and HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls of either sex had significantly elevated HR versus wild types. Interestingly, rosiglitazone improved serum insulin levels, but not HF diet-induced hypertension, in PPARgamma E-null mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPARgamma in ECs not only is an important regulator of hypertension and HR under stressed conditions mimicking those arising in type 2 diabetics, but also mediates the antihypertensive effects of rosiglitazone. These data add evidence supporting a beneficial role for PPARgamma-specific ligands in the treatment of hypertension, and suggest therapeutic strategies targeting ECs may prove useful. | ||||
| Address | Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0895-7061 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15831367 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 69 | ||
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| Author | Crosby, M.B.; Svenson, J.L.; Zhang, J.; Nicol, C.J.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Gilkeson, G.S. | ||||
| Title | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is not necessary for synthetic PPARgamma agonist inhibition of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and nitric oxide | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics | Abbreviated Journal | J Pharmacol Exp Ther |
| Volume | 312 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 69-76 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cell Line; Gene Expression/drug effects; Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism; Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; PPAR delta/metabolism; PPAR gamma/*agonists/deficiency; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists inhibit inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. Because of these effects, synthetic PPARgamma agonists, including thiazolidinediones, are being studied for their impact on inflammatory disease. The anti-inflammatory concentrations of synthetic PPARgamma agonists range from 10 to 50 microM, whereas their binding affinity for PPARgamma is in the nanomolar range. The specificity of synthetic PPARgamma agonists for PPARgamma at the concentrations necessary for anti-inflammatory effects is thus in question. We report that PPARgamma is not necessary for the inhibition of iNOS by synthetic PPARgamma agonists. RAW 264.7 macrophages possess little PPARgamma, yet lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)gamma-induced iNOS was inhibited by synthetic PPARgamma agonists at 20 microM. Endogenous PPARgamma was inhibited by the transfection of a dominant-negative PPARgamma construct into murine mesangial cells. In the transfected cells, synthetic PPARgamma agonists inhibited iNOS production at 10 microM, similar to nontransfected cells. Using cells from PPARgamma Cre/lox conditional knockout mice, baseline and LPS/IFNgamma-induced nitric oxide levels were higher in macrophages lacking PPARgamma versus controls. However, synthetic PPARgamma agonists inhibited iNOS at 10 microM in the PPARgamma-deficient cells, similar to macrophages from wild-type mice. These results indicate that PPARgamma is not necessary for inhibition of iNOS expression by synthetic PPARgamma agonists at concentrations over 10 microM. Intrinsic PPARgamma function, in the absence of synthetic agonists, however, may play a role in inflammatory modulation. | ||||
| Address | Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-3565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15356214 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 73 | ||
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| Author | Lyda, R.O.; Hall, J.R.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. | ||||
| Title | A comparison of Freund's Complete and Freund's Modified Adjuvants used with a contraceptive vaccine in wild horses (Equus caballus) | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians | Abbreviated Journal | J Zoo Wildl Med |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 610-616 |
| Keywords | Animals; Antibody Formation; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; Estrus/drug effects; Female; Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Vaccines, Contraceptive; Zona Pellucida/*immunology | ||||
| Abstract | Fifteen captive wild mares (Equus caballus) were treated with porcine zona pellucida contraceptive vaccine and either Freund's Complete Adjuvant (n = 7) or Freund's Modified Adjuvant (n = 8). All mares received a booster inoculation of porcine zona pellucida plus Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant a month later. Anti-porcine zona pellucida antibodies were measured over 10 mo following the initial inoculation. There were no significant differences in antibody titers at any point during the 10 mo, and seven of the eight mares in the Freund's Modified Adjuvant group were above the 60% level at the end of the study, which is considered to be the contraceptive threshold for horses. There were no significant differences in titers between pregnant and nonpregnant horses, nor was there a significant correlation between age and titers. One local injection site reaction occurred after booster treatment with Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant, and 11 healthy foals were born during the course of the study. These data suggest that Freund's Modified Adjuvant is an acceptable substitute for Freund's Complete Adjuvant in certain free-ranging and captive wildlife species. | ||||
| Address | Science and Conservation Center, 2100 South Shiloh Road, Billings, Montana 59106, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1042-7260 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17312717 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 139 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | A century of getting to know the chimpanzee | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 437 | Issue | 7055 | Pages | 56-59 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Pan troglodytes/genetics/*physiology/psychology; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | A century of research on chimpanzees, both in their natural habitat and in captivity, has brought these apes socially, emotionally and mentally much closer to us. Parallels and homologues between chimpanzee and human behaviour range from tool-technology and cultural learning to power politics and intercommunity warfare. Few behavioural domains have remained untouched by this increased knowledge, which has dramatically challenged the way we view ourselves. The sequencing of the chimpanzee genome will no doubt bring more surprises and insights. Humans do occupy a special place among the primates, but this place increasingly has to be defined against a backdrop of substantial similarity. | ||||
| Address | Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 North Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16136128 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 162 | ||
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| Author | Whiten, A.; Horner, V.; de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees | Type |
Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 437 | Issue | 7059 | Pages | 737-740 |
| Keywords | Aging/physiology; Animals; Culture; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/*psychology; *Social Conformity; Technology; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Rich circumstantial evidence suggests that the extensive behavioural diversity recorded in wild great apes reflects a complexity of cultural variation unmatched by species other than our own. However, the capacity for cultural transmission assumed by this interpretation has remained difficult to test rigorously in the field, where the scope for controlled experimentation is limited. Here we show that experimentally introduced technologies will spread within different ape communities. Unobserved by group mates, we first trained a high-ranking female from each of two groups of captive chimpanzees to adopt one of two different tool-use techniques for obtaining food from the same 'Pan-pipe' apparatus, then re-introduced each female to her respective group. All but two of 32 chimpanzees mastered the new technique under the influence of their local expert, whereas none did so in a third population lacking an expert. Most chimpanzees adopted the method seeded in their group, and these traditions continued to diverge over time. A subset of chimpanzees that discovered the alternative method nevertheless went on to match the predominant approach of their companions, showing a conformity bias that is regarded as a hallmark of human culture. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16113685 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 163 | ||
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