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	Author	Vidya, T.N.C.; Sukumar, R.
	Title	Social and reproductive behaviour in elephants			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Current Science (Bangalore)	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Sci
	Volume	89	Issue	7	Pages	1200-1207
	Keywords	Acoustic communication; dispersal; Elephas maximus; Loxodonta africana; musth; social organization
	Abstract	We present a review of studies on elephant social and reproductive behaviour. While the social organization of the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana africana) has been intensively studied,that of the African forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) are poorly understood. Noninvasive molecular methods are useful in combination with behavioural data in understanding social organization and dispersal strategies. The ecological determinants of social organization, and the importance of matriarchal leadership to social groups, and relative importance of different forms of communication under various ecological conditions remain interesting topics that await investigation. Reproductive behaviour also has been examined in detail only in the African savannah elephant, although rigorous chemical analyses continue to be carried out using captive elephants of both species. Improved laboratory techniques may enable future work on reproductive signalling in free-ranging elephants, allowing for comprehensive studies of male-male interactions and mate choice by females.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Copyright for this article belongs to Indian Academy of Sciences.			Approved	yes
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4703
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	Author	Tizo-Pedroso, E.; Del-Claro, K.
	Title	Matriphagy In The Neotropical Pseudoscorpion Paratemnoides Nidificator (Balzan 1888) (Atemnidae)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Journal of Arachnology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	33	Issue	3	Pages	873-877
	Keywords
	Abstract	We studied the natural history and social behavior of Paratemnoides nidificator (Balzan 1888) in a tropical savanna system. Females were responsible for all nymphal care. We observed, for the first time in pseudoscorpions, the occurrence of matriphagy behavior by the offspring. During conditions of food deprivation, the mother went out of the nest and passively awaited the protonymphs' attack, not reacting to the capture nor to the nymphs feeding on her body. We suggest that this extreme form of parental care, matriphagy, can reduce cannibalism among protonymphs and facilitate the evolution of social behavior in pseudoscorpions. RESUMO Nos estudamos a historia natural e o comportamento social de Paratemnoides nidificator (Balzan 1888) na regiao dos cerrados. As femeas foram responsaveis por todo o cuidado as ninfas. Nos observamos, pela primeira vez em pseudoescorpioes, a ocorrencia de matrifagia pela prole. Em condicoes de fome, a mae deixa o ninho e passivamente espera que as protoninfas a ataquem, nao reagindo nem a captura, nem a alimentacao das ninfas sobre seu corpo. Nos sugerimos que esta forma extrema de cuidado parental, matrifagia, possa reduzir o canibalismo entre as protoninfas e assim facilitar a evolucao de comportamento social em pseudoescorpioes.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4718
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	Author	Sol, D.; Duncan, R.P.; Blackburn, T.M.; Cassey, P.; Lefebvre, L.
	Title	Big brains, enhanced cognition, and response of birds to novel environments			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
	Volume	102	Issue	15	Pages	5460-5465
	Keywords
	Abstract	The widely held hypothesis that enlarged brains have evolved as an adaptation to cope with novel or altered environmental conditions lacks firm empirical support. Here, we test this hypothesis for a major animal group (birds) by examining whether large-brained species show higher survival than small-brained species when introduced to nonnative locations. Using a global database documenting the outcome of >600 introduction events, we confirm that avian species with larger brains, relative to their body mass, tend to be more successful at establishing themselves in novel environments. Moreover, we provide evidence that larger brains help birds respond to novel conditions by enhancing their innovation propensity rather than indirectly through noncognitive mechanisms. These findings provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that enlarged brains function, and hence may have evolved, to deal with changes in the environment.
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1073/pnas.0408145102			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4739
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	Author	Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, S. M. (eds)
	Title	The Domestic Horse			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Humans have had a profound influence on the horse since its domestication in the late Neolithic period. Used for transport, labour, food and recreation, horses have become important in many facets of our society. Daniel Mills and Sue McDonnell have produced an exceptional account of our current knowledge of the development and management of the behaviour of the horse, from its wild roots. The Domestic Horse brings together, for the first time, an unrivalled collection of international scientific authors to write on the latest findings concerning the behaviour and welfare of this beautiful animal. Illustrated throughout, The Domestic Horse will appeal to animal scientists, those working with horses in a professional capacity and the owner/enthusiast. It also provides sound complementary reading for animal/equine science courses and veterinary students.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication	Camebridge	Editor	Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, S. M.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780521891134	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4750
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	Author	Landaeta-Hernández, A. J.; Chenoweth, P. J.; Randles, R.; Littell, R.; Rae, O.; Chase, C. C.
	Title	Identifying the social dominance order in a mixed breed herd: a practical methodology			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Revista Científica	Abbreviated Journal	Revista Científica
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	148-154
	Keywords	Cattle, behavior, social organization
	Abstract	The major objective of this study was to identify a simple and accurate method of assessing differences in female social status. Three methods of estimating dominance value (DV) were compared in beef cows of three breed-types; Angus (A; n=10), Brahman (B; n=10), and Senepol (S; n=10). Cows were equitably assigned to two groups of fifteen each, allocated into separate pastures and containing equal number of animals by breed. Agonistic interactions were recorded for 45 d of study, in two 1 h periods during concentrate feeding using the method of competitive orders winner/loser. Methods of estimating DV included: I) Ratio between individuals dominated and total encountered, II) Ratio between encounters won to total encounters, III) Proportion of individuals dominated to total herdmates. Due to the different level of interactivity evidenced among animals as well as between and within social orders, method III with subsequent arc-sin transformation was considered as the most practical and accurate method for estimating DV and subsequent allocation of cows into a social dominance order. In addition, a breed effect was found on social dominance. Senepol cows obtained greater DV`s (1.24 ± 0.08) than Angus (0.97 ± 0.08; P<0.03) and Brahman cows (0.76 ± 0.08; P<0.005).
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0798-2259	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4753
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	Author	Hausberger, M.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.
	Title	Individual differences in the domestic horse, origins, development and stability			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2005	Publication	The domestic horse : the origins, development, and management of its behaviour	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	33-52
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press 2005	Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor	Mills, D.S.; McDonnell,
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	13 978-0-521-81414-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Feh2005			Serial	4819
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	Author	Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; Franks, N.R.; Levin, S.A.
	Title	Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	433	Issue	7025	Pages	513-516
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0028-0836	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1038/nature03236			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4827
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	Author	Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J.
	Title	Behavioural adaptation in the domestic horse: potential role of apparently abnormal responses including stereotypic behaviour			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Livestock Production Science	Abbreviated Journal	Livest. Prod. Sci.
	Volume	92	Issue	2	Pages	177-182
	Keywords	Behavioural adaptation; Horse; Stereotypic behaviour
	Abstract	Classically, biologists have considered adaptation of behavioural characteristics in terms of long-term functional benefits to the individual, such as survival or reproductive fitness. In captive species, including the domestic horse, this level of explanation is limited, as for the most part, horses are housed in conditions that differ markedly from those in which they evolved. In addition, an individual horse's reproductive fitness is largely determined by man rather than its own behavioural strategies. Perhaps for reasons of this kind, explanations of behavioural adaptation to environmental challenges by domestic animals, including the capacity to learn new responses to these challenges, tend to concentrate on the proximate causes of behaviour. However, understanding the original function of these adaptive responses can help us explain why animals perform apparently novel or functionless activities in certain housing conditions and may help us to appreciate what the animal welfare implications might be. This paper reviews the behavioural adaptation of the domestic horse to captivity and discusses how apparently abnormal behaviour may not only provide a useful practical indicator of specific environmental deficiencies but may also serve the animal as an adaptive response to these deficiencies in an “abnormal” environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-6226	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4829
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	Author	Gácsi, M; Györi, B; Miklósi, Á; Virányi, Z; Kubinyi, E; Topál,J; Csányi, V
	Title	Species-specific differences and similarities in the behavior of hand-raised dog and wolf pups in social situations with humans			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Developmental Psychobiology	Abbreviated Journal	Dev Psychobiol
	Volume	47	Issue	2	Pages	111-122
	Keywords	hand-raising • domestication • inborn social preferences • communicative signals • dog • wolf
	Abstract	In order to reveal early species-specific differences, we observed the behavior of dog puppies (n = 11) and wolf pups (n = 13) hand raised and intensively socialized in an identical way. The pups were studied in two object-preference tests at age 3, 4, and 5 weeks. After a short isolation, we observed the subjects' behavior in the presence of a pair of objects, one was always the subject's human foster parent (caregiver) and the other was varied; nursing bottle (3 weeks), unfamiliar adult dog (3 and 5 weeks), unfamiliar experimenter (4 and 5 weeks), and familiar conspecific age mate (4 weeks). Dogs and wolves did not differ in their general activity level during the tests. Wolf pups showed preference for the proximity of the caregiver in two of the tests; Bottle-Caregiver at the age of 3 weeks and Experimenter-Caregiver at the age of 5 weeks, while dogs showed preference to the caregiver in three tests; conspecific Pup-Caregiver and Experimenter-Caregiver at the age of 4 weeks and dog-caregiver at the age of 5. Compared to wolves, dogs tended to display more communicative signals that could potentially facilitate social interactions, such as distress vocalization, tail wagging, and gazing at the humans' face. In contrast to dog puppies, wolf pups showed aggressive behavior toward a familiar experimenter and also seemed to be more prone to avoidance. Our results demonstrate that already at this early age - despite unprecedented intensity of socialization and the comparable social (human) environment during early development - there are specific behavioral differences between wolves and dogs mostly with regard to their interactions with humans. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47 – 111-122, 2005.
	Address	Department of Ethology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány P. 1/c. 1117 Hungary; Comparative Ethology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Pázmány P. 1/c. 1117 Hungary
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Copyright © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4985
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	Author	Parr, L.A.; Waller, B.M.; Fugate, J.
	Title	Emotional communication in primates: implications for neurobiology			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Current Opinion in Neurobiology	Abbreviated Journal	Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.
	Volume	15	Issue	6	Pages	716-720
	Keywords
	Abstract	The social brain hypothesis proposes that large neocortex size in Homonoids evolved to cope with the increasing demands of complex group living and greater numbers of interindividual relationships. Group living requires that individuals communicate effectively about environmental and internal events. Recent data have highlighted the complexity of chimpanzee communication, including graded facial expressions and referential vocalizations. Among Hominoids, elaborate facial communication is accompanied by specializations in brain areas controlling facial movement. Finally, the evolution of empathy, or emotional awareness, might have a neural basis in specialized cells in the neocortex, that is, spindle cells that have been associated with self-conscious emotions, and mirror neurons that have recently been shown to activate in response to communicative facial gestures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-4388	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5059
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