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Author | Nelson, E.E.; Shelton, S.E.; Kalin, N.H. | ||||
Title | Individual differences in the responses of naive rhesus monkeys to snakes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Emotion (Washington, D.C.) | Abbreviated Journal | Emotion |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-11 |
Keywords | Animals; *Arousal; Attention; Escape Reaction; *Fear; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; *Individuality; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Phobic Disorders/psychology; *Snakes | ||||
Abstract | The authors demonstrated individual differences in inhibited behavior and withdrawal responses of laboratory-born rhesus monkeys when initially exposed to a snake. Most monkeys displayed a small significant increase in their behavioral inhibition in the presence of a snake. A few monkeys had marked responses, and some actively withdrew. Although the responses of the most extreme laboratory-born monkeys were comparable to feral-born monkeys, the responses of the laboratory-born monkeys rapidly habituated. The individual differences in the responses of naive monkeys likely reflect a continuum from orienting to wariness to fear. A neurobiological model is presented that addresses potential mechanisms underlying these individual differences, their relation to fear, and how they may predispose to phobia development. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719-1176, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1528-3542 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12899313 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4174 | ||
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Author | Buechner-Maxwell, V.A.; Elvinger, F.; Thatcher, C.D.; Murray, M.J.; White, N.A.; Rooney, D.K. | ||||
Title | Physiological Response of Normal Adult Horses to a Low-Residue Liquid Diet | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 23 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 310-317 |
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Abstract | Abstract The anorexic or dysphagic adult horse often requires nutritional support. Providing nutrients by the enteral route is the safest and most economic choice, but the dietary options available for use in horses are somewhat limited. The objective of this study was to compare the physiologic response of normal horses with a low-residue liquid or normal diet over a 10-day feeding period. Two groups of 6 normal adult horses were maintained on 1 of 2 diets for a 10-day period. Diets were formulated to meet the caloric needs of a horse maintained in a stall. The control group was fed 70% timothy hay and 30% textured concentrate for the test period, and the experimental group received the low-residue liquid diet, similar to liquid nutritional formulas designed for human use. Clinical parameters, body weight, packed cell volume, total plasma solids, blood glucose, and serum electrolytes were recorded daily for each horse during the dietary trial period. On days 1, 5, and 10 of the study, a complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, and urinalysis were performed. Horses' serum total bilirubin concentration and pattern of weight loss differed between groups. All other physical parameters, blood chemistry, complete blood count, and urinalysis results remained within the normal reference interval for the horses regardless of diet, although some statistical differences were observed. Horses returned to pasture and free-choice grass diet without complications at the end of the dietary trial period. These results demonstrate that few differences of biologic significance were observed between horses being fed low-residue diet and horses receiving a normal diet of hay and grain over a 10-day period. (Equine Vet J 2003;23:310-317) | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4229 | ||
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Author | Broucek, J.; Ksac, P.; Uhrincat, M. | ||||
Title | The effect of sire line on learning and locomotor behaviour of heifers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 387-394 | |
Keywords | heifers; sire; maze; open-field test; repeatability; learning; locomotor behaviour relationship | ||||
Abstract | ABSTRACT: e aim of this study was to test the effect of sire line on maze learning ability and locomotor behaviour in open-field tests of heifers, consistency over the time of grid crossing and relationship between the time of traversing the maze and grid crossings in open-field tests, respectively. We analysed the results of ethological tests for 54 Holstein heifers that descended from 7 sires. Maze behaviour was observed at the age of 15 weeks, an open-field test was applied at two age periods, 16 weeks and 18 months. We found out highly significant differences in the time of traversing the maze between heifers of different sire origin (P < 0.01). e number of grid crossings over the five minutes of the open-field test did not differ between the daughters of the age of 16 weeks and 18 months. Repeatability between the number of grid crossings at the age of 16 weeks and 18 months was proved by significant correlation (r = 0.2713*). On the contrary, significant relationships between the times of traversing the maze and locomotor behaviour in the open-field test (r =-0.3739*) were found only when the sequence of observations followed after a week pause (age of 15 and 16 weeks). |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4322 | ||
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Author | Russell, L.A. | ||||
Title | Decoding Equine Emotions | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Society and Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 265-266 |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4383 | ||
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Author | Fazio, F.; Assenza, A.; Piccione, G.; Caola, G. | ||||
Title | Periodic Monitoring of Some Physiological Parameters during Training in the Athletic Horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 595-598 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4384 | ||
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Author | Wilson, R.T. | ||||
Title | Biodiversity of Domestic Livestock in the Republic of Yemen | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Tropical Animal Health and Production | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 27-46 |
Keywords | Abstract This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop-livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need. | ||||
Abstract | Abstract This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop-livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4389 | ||
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Author | Fazio, E.; Ferlazzo, A. | ||||
Title | Evaluation of Stress During Transport | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 519-524 | |
Keywords | hormones – physiological variables – stress – transport procedures | ||||
Abstract | Domestic animals are transported for a variety of reasons including breeding, biomedical purposes, slaughter and, in the case of sporting horses, for competitions, pleasure activities or ceremonial proceedings. Studies to determine the amount of stress on farm animals during transport often have highly variable results and are difficult to interpret. The reaction of animals to stressors depends on the duration and intensity of the stressors, the animal's previous experience, its physiological status and the immediate environmental restraints. Behavioural, haematological, haematochemical, physiological and neuro-hormonal (ß-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, iodothyronines) variables are discussed on the basis of handling, loading and transport procedures of animals. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4391 | ||
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Author | Adolphs, R. | ||||
Title | Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature Reviews. Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Rev Neurosci |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 165-178 |
Keywords | Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations. | ||||
Address | Deparment of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ralph-adolphs@uiowa.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1471-003X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12612630 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4706 | ||
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Author | Herbert Gintis; Samuel Bowles; Robert Boyd; Ernst Fehr | ||||
Title | Explaining altruistic behavior in humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Evolution and Human Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 153-172 |
Keywords | Altruism; Reciprocity; Experimental games; Evolution of cooperation | ||||
Abstract | Recent experimental research has revealed forms of human behavior involving interaction among unrelated individuals that have proven difficult to explain in terms of kin or reciprocal altruism. One such trait, strong reciprocity is a predisposition to cooperate with others and to punish those who violate the norms of cooperation, at personal cost, even when it is implausible to expect that these costs will be repaid. We present evidence supporting strong reciprocity as a schema for predicting and understanding altruism in humans. We show that under conditions plausibly characteristic of the early stages of human evolution, a small number of strong reciprocators could invade a population of self-regarding types, and strong reciprocity is an evolutionary stable strategy. Although most of the evidence we report is based on behavioral experiments, the same behaviors are regularly described in everyday life, for example, in wage setting by firms, tax compliance, and cooperation in the protection of local environmental public goods. | ||||
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ISSN | 1090-5138 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1090-5138(02)00157-5 | Serial | 4943 | ||
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Author | Povinelli, D.J.; Vonk, J. | ||||
Title | Chimpanzee minds: suspiciously human? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Trends in Cognitive Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 157-160 |
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Abstract | Chimpanzees undoubtedly form concepts related to the statistical regularities in behavior. But do they also construe such abstractions in terms of mental states – that is, do they possess a [`]theory of mind'? Although both anecdotal and experimental data have been marshaled to support this idea, we show that no explanatory power or economy of expression is gained by such an assumption. We suggest that additional experiments will be unhelpful as long as they continue to rely upon determining whether subjects interpret behavioral invariances in terms of mental states. We propose a paradigm shift to overcome this limitation. | ||||
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ISSN | 1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4959 | ||
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