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| Author | Bekoff,M; Allen, C; Burghardt, G. M. | ||||
| Title | The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication  |
Computers and Mathematics with Applications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | Pages | 508-509 | |
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| Publisher | The MIT Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA. | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3496 | ||
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| Author | Miklósi, Á.; Kubinyi, E.; Topál, J.; Gácsi, M.; Virányi, Z.; Csányi, V. | ||||
| Title | A Simple Reason for a Big Difference: Wolves Do Not Look Back at Humans, but Dogs Do | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Current Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 763-766 |
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| Abstract | The present investigations were undertaken to compare interspecific communicative abilities of dogs and wolves, which were socialized to humans at comparable levels. The first study demonstrated that socialized wolves were able to locate the place of hidden food indicated by the touching and, to some extent, pointing cues provided by the familiar human experimenter, but their performance remained inferior to that of dogs. In the second study, we have found that, after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look/gaze at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Based on these observations, we suggest that the key difference between dog and wolf behavior is the dogs' ability to look at the human's face. Since looking behavior has an important function in initializing and maintaining communicative interaction in human communication systems, we suppose that by positive feedback processes (both evolutionary and ontogenetically) the readiness of dogs to look at the human face has lead to complex forms of dog-human communication that cannot be achieved in wolves even after extended socialization. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4966 | ||
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| Author | Singh,M.; Singh,M.; Sharma, A. K.; Krishna B. A. | ||||
| Title | Methodological considerations in measurement of dominance in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
CURRENT SCIENCE | Abbreviated Journal | CURRENT SCIENCE |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 709-713 |
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| Abstract | The strength of dominance hierarchy in a group of animals needs to be quantitatively measured since it influences many other aspects of social interactions. This article discusses three attempts made by previous researchers to measure the strength of hierarchy. We propose a method which attempts to rectify the lacunae in the previous attempts. Data are used from a group of Japanese macaques housed in a colony. A method to calculate strength of hierarchy has been illustrated and a procedure has been suggested to normalize the dominance scores in order to place the ranks of individuals on an interval scale. |
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| Publisher | Biopsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2860 | ||
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| Author | Bowling, A.T.; Zimmermann, W.; Ryder, O.; Penado, C.; Peto, S.; Chemnick, L.; Yasinetskaya, N.; Zharkikh, T. | ||||
| Title | Genetic variation in Przewalski’s horses, with special focus on the last wild caught mare, 231 Orlitza III | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Cytogenetic and Genome Research | Abbreviated Journal | Cytogenet Genome Res |
| Volume | 102 | Issue | 1-4 | Pages | 226-234 |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1424-8581 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5045 | ||
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| Author | Broucek, J.; Ksac, P.; Uhrincat, M. | ||||
| Title | The effect of sire line on learning and locomotor behaviour of heifers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 387-394 | |
| Keywords | heifers; sire; maze; open-field test; repeatability; learning; locomotor behaviour relationship | ||||
| Abstract | ABSTRACT: e aim of this study was to test the effect of sire line on maze learning ability and locomotor behaviour in open-field tests of heifers, consistency over the time of grid crossing and relationship between the time of traversing the maze and grid crossings in open-field tests, respectively. We analysed the results of ethological tests for 54 Holstein heifers that descended from 7 sires. Maze behaviour was observed at the age of 15 weeks, an open-field test was applied at two age periods, 16 weeks and 18 months. We found out highly significant differences in the time of traversing the maze between heifers of different sire origin (P < 0.01). e number of grid crossings over the five minutes of the open-field test did not differ between the daughters of the age of 16 weeks and 18 months. Repeatability between the number of grid crossings at the age of 16 weeks and 18 months was proved by significant correlation (r = 0.2713*). On the contrary, significant relationships between the times of traversing the maze and locomotor behaviour in the open-field test (r =-0.3739*) were found only when the sequence of observations followed after a week pause (age of 15 and 16 weeks). |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4322 | ||
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| Author | Nelson, E.E.; Shelton, S.E.; Kalin, N.H. | ||||
| Title | Individual differences in the responses of naive rhesus monkeys to snakes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) | Abbreviated Journal | Emotion |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-11 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Arousal; Attention; Escape Reaction; *Fear; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; *Individuality; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Phobic Disorders/psychology; *Snakes | ||||
| Abstract | The authors demonstrated individual differences in inhibited behavior and withdrawal responses of laboratory-born rhesus monkeys when initially exposed to a snake. Most monkeys displayed a small significant increase in their behavioral inhibition in the presence of a snake. A few monkeys had marked responses, and some actively withdrew. Although the responses of the most extreme laboratory-born monkeys were comparable to feral-born monkeys, the responses of the laboratory-born monkeys rapidly habituated. The individual differences in the responses of naive monkeys likely reflect a continuum from orienting to wariness to fear. A neurobiological model is presented that addresses potential mechanisms underlying these individual differences, their relation to fear, and how they may predispose to phobia development. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719-1176, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1528-3542 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12899313 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4174 | ||
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| Author | Visser, E.K.; Van Reenen, C.G.; Rundgren, M.; Zetterqvist, M.; Morgan, K.; Blokhuis, H.J. | ||||
| Title | Responses of horses in behavioural tests correlate with temperament assessed by riders | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 176-183 |
| Keywords | Adult; Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; *Handling (Psychology); Heart Rate/*physiology; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Humans; Male; Personality; Temperament/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Behavioural tests as well as observers' ratings have been used to study horses' temperament. However, the relationship between the ratings and the responses in behavioural tests has not yet been studied in detail. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to examine this relationship between ratings and responses. METHODS: Eighteen mature Swedish Warmblood horses were subjected to 2 behavioural tests, one relating to novelty (novel object test) and one to handling (handling test). Subsequently, 16 of these horses were ridden by 16 equally experienced students, having no former experience with the horses. Immediately after each ride, the students scored the horse for 10 temperamental traits using a line rating method. RESULTS: It was shown that for each temperamental trait all 16 riders agreed on the ranking of the horses (0.212<W<0.505, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between behavioural and heart rate variables in the behavioural tests revealed that horses with a high level of locomotion or much restlessness behaviour exhibited high mean heart rate and low heart rate variability. In particular, heart rate variables in the behavioural tests were found to correlate with riders' rating scores. Furthermore, the underlying components of the handling test, retrieved with a principal component analysis (PCA) correlated with riders' rating scores while the underlying components of the novel object test did not. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is concluded that it is possible for a large panel of assessors to agree upon a horse's temperament and that objective measures from behavioural tests correlate significantly with temperamental traits assessed by a panel of assessors. | ||||
| Address | Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.163, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12638795 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1906 | |||
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| Author | Bachmann, I.; Audige, L.; Stauffacher, M. | ||||
| Title | Risk factors associated with behavioural disorders of crib-biting, weaving and box-walking in Swiss horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 158-163 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data Collection; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology/prevention & control; Horses; *Housing, Animal; Male; Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/*veterinary; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; *Stereotyped Behavior; Switzerland/epidemiology | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Studies on the prevalence of behavioural disorders in horses and on associated risk factors have revealed inconsistent results. There are many studies on the neuropharmacological, surgical or mechanical therapy of stereotypies, but little is known about their causation. OBJECTIVES: To explore risk factors associated with the occurrence of behavioural disorders in horses. METHODS: A sample of horse owners, selected randomly and representative for Switzerland, was contacted in a postal survey. Answers were provided for 622 stables (response rate 35.2%). Individual data of 2,341 horses were examined with path analysis (multivariable linear and logistic regression), and adjustment made for possible confounding effects due to age and breed. RESULTS: Out of 60 possible risk factors, 11 were associated with the outcome at the univariable level (null-hypothesis path model) and 3 factors remained after the backward logistic regression procedure. Mature Warmbloods and Thoroughbreds, assessed by the owners to be reactive, fed 4 times a day and without daily pasture, had increased odds of displaying crib-biting, weaving and box-walking. Furthermore, indirect associations of 5 factors with the outcome were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The final logistic regression model of risk factors leads to the hypotheses that causal prevention of stereotypic behaviours should be based upon housing and management conditions which allow tactile contact with other horses (e.g. mutual grooming), daily free movement (paddock or pasture), as well as the provision of high amounts of roughage but of little or no concentrates. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is one of the aims of population medicine to prevent the development of behavioural disorders. Further research is needed to test the concluding hypotheses in experimental studies or to verify them in the context of similar observational studies. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), LFW B55. 1, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12638792 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1907 | |||
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| Author | Williams, J.L.; Friend, T.H.; Collins, M.N.; Toscano, M.J.; Sisto-Burt, A.; Nevill, C.H. | ||||
| Title | Effects of imprint training procedure at birth on the reactions of foals at age six months | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 127-132 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Female; Handling (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; Humans; *Imprinting (Psychology); Male; Random Allocation; Socialization; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: While imprint training procedures have been promoted in popular magazines, they have received limited scientific investigation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a neonatal imprint training procedure on 6-month-old foals and to determine if any one session had a greater effect than others. METHODS: Foals (n = 131) were divided into the following treatments: no imprint training, imprint training at birth, 12, 24 and 48 h after birth or imprint training only at birth, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h after birth. Foals then received minimal human handling until they were tested at 6 months. RESULTS: During training, time to complete exposure to the stimulus was significant for only 2 of 6 stimuli. Percentage change in baseline heart rate was significant for only 2 of 10 stimuli. These 4 effects were randomly spread across treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the number of imprint training sessions (0, 1, or 4) nor the timing of imprint training sessions (none, birth, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h after birth) influenced the foal's behaviour at 6 months of age. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this study, imprint training did not result in better behaved, less reactive foals. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Science, 2471 TAMUS, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77845-2471, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12638787 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1908 | |||
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| Author | Singer, E.R.; Saxby, F.; French, N.P. | ||||
| Title | A retrospective case-control study of horse falls in the sport of horse trials and three-day eventing | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 139-145 |
| Keywords | Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; Child; Confidence Intervals; Female; Horses/*injuries; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Safety; *Sports/standards | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Serious injuries to horses and riders in horse trials (HT) and three-day events (3DE) are usually associated with falls of horses, which invariably involve falls of the riders. Many potential causes for these falls have been discussed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the risk factors for horse falls on the cross-country phase of horse trials and three-day events. METHODS: Using retrospective data, significant risk factors identified with unvariable analysis (P value <0.2) were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Significant risk factors (P value <0.05) were included in the final model. RESULTS: It was revealed that a number of course, obstacle and rider variables were significantly and independently associated with the risk of falling. Falling was associated with obstacles sited downhill (Odds ratio [OR] 8.41) and with obstacles with ditches in front (OR = 5.77). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between course variables and the risk of falling was characterised and showed a significantly increased risk with increasing numbers of jumps on the course and for jumping efforts later in the course. In contrast, after allowing for the total number of obstacles on the course, an increase in the total number of jumping efforts appeared to have a protective effect. A later cross-country start time was associated with a decreased risk of a horse fall. Amateur event riders were approximately 20 times more likely to fall than professional riders. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study has identified a number of risk factors associated with horse falls and highlights areas that can be altered to improve safety in cross-country competitions. | ||||
| Address | Division of Equine Studies, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12638789 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3661 | ||
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