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Author |
Boysen, S.T.; Bernston, G.G.; Hannan, M.B.; Cacioppo, J.T. |
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Title |
Quantity-based interference and symbolic representations in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
76-86 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; *Pan troglodytes; *Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis |
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Abstract |
Five chimpanzees with training in counting and numerical skills selected between 2 arrays of different amounts of candy or 2 Arabic numerals. A reversed reinforcement contingency was in effect, in which the selected array was removed and the subject received the nonselected candies (or the number of candies represented by the nonselected Arabic numeral). Animals were unable to maximize reward by selecting the smaller array when candies were used as array elements. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the candy arrays, all animals showed an immediate shift to a more optimal response strategy of selecting the smaller numeral, thereby receiving the larger reward. Results suggest that a response disposition to the high-incentive candy stimuli introduced a powerful interference effect on performance, which was effectively overridden by the use of symbolic representations. |
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Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1222, USA |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:8568498 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2781 |
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Author |
Fetterman, J.G. |
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Title |
Dimensions of stimulus complexity |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-18 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Learning; Memory; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
Animal learning research has increasingly used complex stimuli that approximate natural objects, events, and locations, a trend that has accompanied a resurgence of interest in the role of cognitive factors in learning. Accounts of complex stimulus control have focused mainly on cognitive mechanisms and largely ignored the contribution of stimulus information to perception and memory for complex events. It is argued here that research on animal learning stands to benefit from a more detailed consideration of the stimulus and that James Gibson's stimulus-centered theory of perception serves as a useful framework for analyses of complex stimuli. Several issues in the field of animal learning and cognition are considered from the Gibsonian perspective on stimuli, including the fundamental problem of defining the effective stimulus. |
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Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis 46202, USA |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:8568494 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2782 |
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Author |
Puppe, B. |
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Title |
[Social dominance and rank relationships in domestic pigs: a critical review] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
457-464 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Female; Male; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance; Swine/*psychology |
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Abstract |
Viewing dominance as an attribute of repeated agonistic interactions between two individuals, the present paper reviews theoretical approaches towards concepts of dominance, methods of measurement, and basic principles and problems connected with social dominance in domestic pigs. Domestic pigs are able to establish social organization structures during all stages of their ontogeny. According to definition, dominance relationships occur when a consistent asymmetry of the result of dyadic agonistic interactions can be assessed. This must not necessarily be connected immediately with a better availability of resources, or a high stability of existing dominance relationships, or a functional definition of dominance. When sociometric characteristics are calculated, it seems to be appropriate to use them for different levels of a biological system (individual, individual pair, group). Investigations of social behaviour and dominance in farm animals should take into account that mechanisms of social behaviour in confined environments are often carried out in parts only. Connections of the dominance concept with other concepts of behavioural regulation should be theoretically considered and further investigated by experimental studies. |
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Forschungsbereich Physiologische Grundlagen der Tierhaltung des Forschungsinstituts fur die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere Dummerstorf-Rostock |
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German |
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Original Title |
Soziale Dominanz- und Rangbeziehungen beim Hausschwein: eine kritische Ubersicht |
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0005-9366 |
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Notes |
PMID:8999780 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2861 |
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Author |
Chenoweth, P.J.; Chase, C.C.; Larsen, R.E.; Thatcher, M.-J.D.; Bivens, J.F.; Wilcox, C.J. |
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Title |
The assessment of sexual performance in young Bos taurus and Bos indicus beef bulls |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
225-235 |
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Keywords |
Bos indicus; Sex behavior; Cattle reproduction; Mating behavior; Tests |
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Abstract |
Yearling beef bulls, representing different Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds, were given two sexual performance assessments (libido score, number of services, time to first mount and time of sexual inactivity) at four test periods (January, April, July and October) in 1991 (Trial 1) and 1992 (Trial 2) at the Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, Florida. Breed and test period, as well as their interactions, influenced most results. Sexual performance assessments generally improved with age in Bos taurus breeds, but not in Bos indicus. The temperate Bos taurus breeds (Angus and Hereford) were most sexually active, the tropically adapted Bos taurus breeds (Senepol and Romosinuano) intermediate and the two Bos indicus breeds (Brahman and Nellore x Brahman) were least active. Service rates were generally low. Seasonal patterns in sexual performance were not apparent, with breed and year differences occurring. Although breeds showed consistent test results, the failure of Bos indicus bulls to service in any test, indicates either sexual immaturity, or inadequate procedures for assessment of sexual performance in this breed group. |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2865 |
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Author |
Provenza, F.D. |
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Title |
Acquired aversions as the basis for varied diets of ruminants foraging on rangelands |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
74 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2010-2020 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2946 |
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Author |
Heyes CM |
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Title |
Self-recognition in primates: irreverence, irrelevance and irony |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
51 |
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470 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3007 |
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Author |
Kitchen A; Denton D; Brent L |
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Title |
Self-recognition and abstraction abilities in the common chimpanzee studied with distorting mirrors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA |
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93 |
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7405 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3011 |
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Author |
Kummer H; Anzenberger G; Hemelrijk CK |
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Title |
Hiding and perspective taking in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
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J. Comp. Psychol. |
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110 |
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97 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3013 |
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Author |
Zentall TR; Sutton JE; Sherburne LM |
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Title |
True imitative learning in pigeons |
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1996 |
Publication |
Psychol. Sci. |
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7 |
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343 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3054 |
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Author |
Miller RR; Matute H |
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Title |
Biological significance in forward and backward blocking: resolution of a discrepancy between animal conditioning and human causal judgment |
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Year |
1996 |
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J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Process. |
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18 |
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251 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3069 |
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