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	Author	Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A.
	Title	Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	48	Issue	2	Pages	393-400
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	873
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	Author	Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C.
	Title	*Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie)*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie)	Abbreviated Journal	Rev Ecol (Terre Vie)
	Volume	49	Issue		Pages	11-20
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1083
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	Author	Huber W,
	Title	Dokumentation der fünf bekannten Lebendaufnahmen vom Quagga,Equus quagga quagga Gmelin, 1788 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Spixiana 17
	Volume		Issue		Pages	193-199
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1208
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	Author	Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H.
	Title	Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Animal Genetics	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Genet
	Volume	25	Issue	4	Pages	287
	Keywords	Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Genetic
	Abstract
	Address	Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-9146	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7985852			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2213
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	Author	Stevens,J.A.
	Title	Zebras in Turmoil			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	International Wildlife	Abbreviated Journal	Int Wildl
	Volume	24	Issue		Pages	4-12
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0020-9112	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1633
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	Author	McComb, K.; Clutton-Brock, T.
	Title	Is mate choice copying or aggregation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society	Abbreviated Journal	Proc Biol Sci
	Volume	255	Issue	1342	Pages	13-19
	Keywords	Animals; Deer/physiology; Estrus/physiology; Female; Male; Phenotype; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology; Territoriality
	Abstract	In several lek-breeding populations of birds and mammals, females arriving on leks tend to join males that already have females in their territories. This might occur either because females have an evolved preference for mating with males that are attractive to other females, or because they join groups of other females to obtain greater safety from predation or dangerous harassment by males. We have previously used controlled experiments to show that oestrous fallow deer females join males with established harems because they are attracted to female groups rather than to the males themselves. Here we demonstrate that the preference for males with females over males without females is specific to oestrous females and weak or absent in anoestrous ones, and that it is not associated with a preference for mating with males that have previously been seen to mate with other females. Furthermore, oestrous females given the choice between males that do not already have females with them show no significant preference for antlered over deantlered males or for older males over younger ones. We conclude that female attraction to other females on the lek is likely to be an adaptation to avoiding harassment in mixed-sex herds. In this situation, a male's ability to maintain the cohesion of his harem may be the principal cause of variation in mating success between males.
	Address	Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, U.K
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0962-8452	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8153135			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1823
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	Author	Zeeb, K.
	Title	[Possibilities for the all-year free-range raising of horses]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift	Abbreviated Journal	Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
	Volume	101	Issue	3	Pages	122-123
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Germany; Horses/physiology; Housing, Animal; Seasons; Weather
	Abstract	The ethological concept concerning supply of needs an avoidance of damage is mentioned as a possibility for the evaluation of welfare aspects related to animal management. The 250 Dulmen horses kept on 300 ha by the Duke of Croy show what must be provided for horse-keeping in a semi-natural environment: Sufficient food and water, efficient shelter as well as adequate structures for the needs of horses concerning social and comfort behaviour. A catalogue of factors, functions and facilities for this kind of horse-keeping is presented.
	Address	Tierhygienischen Institut, Freiburg, Breisgau
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Moglichkeiten der ganzjahrigen Freilandhaltung von Pferden
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0341-6593	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8205954			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1941
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	Author	Witter, M.S.; Swaddle, J.P.
	Title	Fluctuating Asymmetries, Competition and Dominance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.
	Volume	256	Issue	1347	Pages	299-303
	Keywords
	Abstract	Levels of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the primary feathers of European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, have been shown to be sensitive to nutritional and energetic stress. Furthermore, between-individual variation in plumage FA has been found to be related to social dominance, even without social interactions during feather growth, with dominant birds exhibiting the highest levels of FA. Here we examine whether the relation between dominance and FA differs when birds are housed in social groups, under different degrees of competition for food, during moult. We reason that dominants should derive a greater benefit from their social status as competition for food increases. Our results support this proposition. The relation between dominance and FA differed significantly according to the degree of competition for food. However, in no cases did the dominants exhibit lower levels of FA than subdominants. When competition for food was low, dominants had higher levels of FA than subdominants. When competition for food was high, there was no systematic relation between dominance and FA. These results suggest that dominants may only derive a net benefit from their social status, under the circumstances of our experiment, during severe conditions of competition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2203
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	Author	Bauer, I. E.; McMorrow, J. Yalden,; D. W.
	Title	The Historic Ranges of Three Equid Species in North-East Africa: A Quantitative Comparison of Environmental Tolerances			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Journal of Biogeography	Abbreviated Journal	J Biogeogr
	Volume	21	Issue	2	Pages	169-182
	Keywords
	Abstract	The historic ranges of three equid species native to north-east Africa are analysed with respect to annual rainfall, several temperature parameters and a satellite-derived multispectral index of primary productivity. Equus africanus Fitzinger, Equus grevyi Oustalet and Equus burchelli Gray used to largely replace each other, geographically, with narrow zones of range overlap occurring between E. africanus and E. grevyi in the Awash valley, and between E. grevyi and E. burchelli in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The three species are shown to succeed each other along an environmental gradient. The position of each species on this gradient and the resulting location and extent of its range are discussed. Competitive exclusion, specific adaptations and historic events are likely determinants of equid distribution. In the area of sympatry between E. grevyi and E. burchelli, mixed habitat characters as well as environmental fluctuations seem to prevent either species from excluding the other. Different social organizations of E. grevyi and E. burchelli and the resulting migratory patterns may be adaptations to the environment in their allopatric ranges; in their sympatric range they could alleviate competition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2222
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	Author	Breen, M.; Downs, P.; Irvin, Z.; Bell, K.
	Title	Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Animal Genetics	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Genet
	Volume	25	Issue	6	Pages	401-405
	Keywords	Animals; DNA, Satellite/genetics; Gene Amplification; Gene Frequency; Genetic Markers; Heterozygote; Horses/genetics; Species Specificity
	Abstract	Primer sequences flanking 13 microsatellite loci isolated from the domestic horse (E. caballus) were successfully used to amplify homologous loci in the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). The results demonstrate that the level of polymorphism at all 13 loci in the Przewalski's horse was comparable to that in the domestic horse and the overall exclusion probability in the Przewalski's horse was calculated to be 0.9994. The results suggest that it should be possible to use E. caballus-derived microsatellite markers to provide parentage verification and additional valuable information to the captive management of E. przewalskii. The ability to amplify corresponding loci in the remaining five species of the genus was also confirmed, illustrating the general application of markers isolated from the domestic horse to the evaluation of polymorphism in the other six species of the genus.
	Address	Australian Equine Blood Typing Research Laboratory, University of Queensland, St Lucia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-9146	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7695120			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2246
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