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Author Petit, O.; Thierry, B.
Title (up) Aggressive and peaceful interventions in conflicts in Tonkean macaques Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 1427-1436
Keywords
Abstract Abstract. Peaceful interventions in conflicts are an extremely rare phenomenon in most primate species. In contrast to aggressive interventions, they cannot lead to gains in terms of competition. To clarify the function and origin of this behaviour, the patterning and consequences of peaceful and aggressive interventions were studied in a semi-free ranging group of tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. Intense conflicts frequently elicited both types of intervention. Interveners preferentially targeted the initiator of the conflict, who was generally the dominant of the two opponents. Males tended to intervene more than females, especially using peaceful interventions. Interventions were frequently performed on behalf of the most closely kin-related opponent; this was true particularly for aggressive interventions. In peaceful interventions, the intervener was usually dominant over both parties. Lipsmacking, clasping, mounting and social play were mainly used, and were successful in halting aggression. Peaceful interventions were frequently followed by an affinitive interaction, such as grooming, between intervener and target. Peaceful interventions thus appear to protect the beneficiary while preserving the social relationship between intervener and target. The origin of the behaviour can be traced to the epigenetic constraints arising from the species-specific social organization.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5244
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Author Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title (up) Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 393-400
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Abstract Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 873
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Author Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C.
Title (up) Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie) Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie) Abbreviated Journal Rev Ecol (Terre Vie)
Volume 49 Issue Pages 11-20
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1083
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Author Kuckelkorn, B.
Title (up) Assessment of pregnancy in Kiang mares (Equus hemionus holdereri ) using estrogen determination in feces Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Theriogenology Abbreviated Journal Theriogenology
Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Keywords
Abstract Analysis of fecal estrogens was used to diagnose pregnancy in 6 Kiang mares (Equus hemionus holdereri ) that were kept at Tierpark Berlin. Three extraction methods were compared and were followed by an established RIA for total estrogen. Extraction of desiccated feces with chloroform/n-hexane and KOH, with and without enzyme hydrolysis showed better results than extraction with diethylether without hydrolysis. Pregnancy was confirmed by observation of foaling in 2 mares that showed estrogen concentrations between 800 and 1800 ng/g and in 1 mare that showed widely fluctuating values between 500 and 1300 ng/g of feces. Two mares with estrogen concentrations below 500 ng/g were not seen to foal. The method using chloroform/n-hexane and KOH without enzyme hydrolysis seems practical for non-invasive evaluation of the endocrine status in this endangered Equidae species.
Address Institute for Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0093-691X ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:16727510 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2335
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Author Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D.
Title (up) Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Int J Neurosci Abbreviated Journal International Journal of Neuroscience
Volume 78 Issue 1-2 Pages 123-134
Keywords Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology
Abstract We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions.
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Publisher Informa Clin Med Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0020-7454 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5777
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Author Moehlman, P.D.
Title (up) Behavior and Ecology of Feral Asses (2nd edition) Type Manuscript
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal unpublished
Volume Issue Pages 251
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Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4674
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Author Wolff, A.; Hausberger, M.
Title (up) Behaviour of foals before weaning may have some genetic basis Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 96 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Keywords Locomotion; Suckling; Social behavior; Foraging behavior; Exploratory behavior; Interindividual comparison; Young animal; Genetic inheritance; Captivity; Social interaction; Feeding behavior; Perissodactyla; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata
Abstract In this preliminary study on foal behaviour, 13 French saddlebred foals (2-3 mo old) and their dams were observed on pasture. The most important findings are the interindividual quantitative differences in foal behaviour patterns as well as in the amount of mainly foal-initiated time spent at given distances from their mares. Interindividual differences seem in part due to a sire effect
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5022
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Author Noë, R.; Hammerstein, P.
Title (up) Biological markets: supply and demand determine the effect of partner choice in cooperation, mutualism and mating Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
Abstract The formation of collaborating pairs by individuals belonging to two different classes occurs in the contexts of reproduction and intea-specific cooperation as well as of inter-specific mutualism. There is potential for partner choice and for competition for access to preferred partners in all three contexts. These selective forces have long been recognised as important in sexual selection, but their impact is not yet appreciated in cooperative and mutualistic systems. The formation of partnerships between members of different classes has much in common with the conclusion of trade agreements in human markets with two classes of traders, like producers and consumers, or employers and employees. Similar game-theoretical models can be used to predict the behaviour of rational traders in human markets and the evolutionarily stable strategies used in biological markets. We present a formal model in which the influence of the market mechanism on selection is made explicit. We restrict ourselves to biological markets in which: (1) Individuals do not compete over access to partners in an agonistic manner, but rather by outcompeting each other in those aspects that are preferred by the choosing party. (2) The commodity the partner has to offer cannot be obtained by the use of force, but requires the consent of the partner. These two restrictions ensure a dominant role for partner choice in the formation of partnerships. In a biological market model the decision to cooperate is based on the comparison between the offers of several potential partners, rather than on the behaviour of a single potential partner, as is implicitly assumed in currently accepted models of cooperation. In our example the members of one class A offer a commodity of fixed value in exchange for a commodity of variable value supplied by the other class, B. We show that when the B-class outnumbers the A-class sufficiently and the cost for the A-class to sample the offers of the B-class are low, the choosiness of the A-class will lead to selection for the supply of high value commodities by the B-class (Fig. 3a). Under the same market conditions, but with a high sampling cost this may still be the evolutionariy stable outcome, but another pair of strategies proves to be stable too: relaxed choosiness of class A coupled with low value commodities supplied by class B (Fig. 3b). We give a number of examples of mating, cooperative and mutualistic markets that resemble the low sampling cost situation depicted in Fig. 3a.
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Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0340-5443 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5404
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Wilson, D.S.
Title (up) Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 1459-1461
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 479
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Author Bekoff, M.
Title (up) Cognitive Ethology and the Treatment of Non-Human Animals: How Mati'ers of Mind Inform Mati'ers of Welfare Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 75-96
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3457
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