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| Author | Todd, I.A.; Kacelnik, A. | ||||
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Psychological mechanisms and the Marginal Value Theorem: dynamics of scalar memory for travel time | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 765-775 |
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| Abstract | Abstract. The relation between memory for travel time and foraging decisions was studied experimentally. The temporal properties of two environments with patchily distributed food were simulated in the laboratory using pigeons, Columba livia, as subjects. The two environments differed in mean travel time, while the coefficient of variation of travel time and the decelerated function relating cumulative food gain to time in the patch were held constant within and between environments. Each environment contained a uniform mixture of five travel times experienced in a random order. Two of the five travel times were common in both environments. Effects of travel time were studied by comparing prey collected per patch visit (PPV) after various travel times within each environment, and by comparing patch exploitation after equal travel times between environments. Within the environment with long mean travel time (LMT) PPV was positively correlated with the last and the penultimate travel times but not with travel times before that. The increase in PPV per second of last travel time was six times greater than the increase per second of penultimate travel time, implying very steep memory discounting. In the environment with short mean travel time (SMT), there was no correlation between PPV and previous travel times. However, comparisons between environments of visits following travel times common to both environments (thus removing the effect of the last travel time) showed that substantially more prey were taken after equal travel times in the LMT than in the SMT environment. This difference cannot be accounted for by the within-environment effect of penultimate travel time, implying that there is a different, less steeply devalued, effect of the mixture of travel times. A model of information processing based on combining Scalar Expectancy Theory with the predictions of rate maximization under the Marginal Value Theorem is presented. The model can approximate the results obtained in this and previous experiments and provides a framework for further analysis of memory mechanisms of foraging behaviour. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2111 | |||
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| Author | Rutberg, A.T.; Keiper, R.R. | ||||
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Proximate causes of natal dispersal in feral ponies: some sex differences | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 969-975 |
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| Abstract | Abstract. Fifteen years of data on natal dispersal age and the context of dispersal for the feral ponies of Assateague Island, Maryland are presented. Ninety-seven per cent of males and 81% of females dispersed from their natal groups by 5 years of age. For animals that left their natal group, average age of dispersal was 20[middle dot]8 months for males and 24[middle dot]6 months for females. Male dispersal age was strongly and significantly correlated with number of peers in the natal group, and males dispersing with peers were significantly older than males dispersing without peers, suggesting that males delayed dispersal when peers were available for interaction. Female dispersal age was not influenced by number of peers, but was correlated with age of first reproduction. Factors not influencing dispersal age in either sex were presence of a younger sibling, maternal band transfers, and maternal age and dominance rank. The relatively high frequency of females failing to disperse from their natal groups is puzzling in light of data showing diminished fecundity in non-dispersing pony mares. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 518 | ||
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| Author | RÖHRS, M.; EBINGER, P. | ||||
| Title |
Progressive und regressive Hirngrößenveränderungen bei Equiden | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Z zool Syst Evolut forsch | |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | 233-239 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1513 | |||
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| Author | Dabareiner, R.M.; Sullins, K.E.; White, N.A. 2nd | ||||
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Progression of femoropatellar osteochondrosis in nine young horses. Clinical, radiographic and arthroscopic findings | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Veterinary Surgery : VS : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Surg |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 515-523 |
| Keywords | Animals; Arthroscopy/veterinary; Debridement/veterinary; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Femur; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/radiography/surgery; Horses; Lameness, Animal/*etiology; Male; Osteochondritis/diagnosis/radiography/surgery/*veterinary; Patella; Stifle; Treatment Outcome | ||||
| Abstract | The clinical and radiographic progression, and arthroscopic findings for nine young horses (< 1 year of age) with femoropatellar osteochondrosis (OCD) are presented. Horses had a 2 to 12 week history of bilateral (8 horses) or unilateral (1 horse) hindlimb lameness. The most consistent clinical signs included femoropatellar joint distention and bilateral hindlimb lameness. At the onset of clinical signs, radiographic lesions were not present (4 horses) or subtle (5 horses), but were easily identified on radiographs taken 4 to 24 weeks later. Arthroscopic surgery was delayed until radiographic changes became obvious. Surgical findings in 20 femoropatellar joints were most commonly osteochondral “flaps” located on the proximal lateral trochlear ridge of the femur and were larger than had been indicated by the radiographs. Eight horses were being used for their intended purpose, which was racing (3 horses were racing and 3 were in race training), dressage (1 horse) or pleasure riding (1 horse). One horse required a second surgery when similar lesions developed on the opposite stifle, and was euthanatized 2 months later because of persistent lameness. One clinical signs are observed, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal femur can progress in foals younger than 9 months of age and the full extent of the radiographic lesion may take several weeks to develop. | ||||
| Address | Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, Virginia | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0161-3499 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8116209 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3748 | ||
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| Author | Nagell K; Olguin RS; Tomasello M | ||||
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Processes of social learning in the tool use of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and human children (Homo sapiens) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | J. Comp. Psychol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 107 | Issue | Pages | 174 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3021 | ||
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| Author | Mendoza, S.P.; Mason, W. A (eds) | ||||
| Title |
Primate Social Conflict | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | This book examines conflict as a normal and recurrent feature of primate social life, emphasizing that the study of aggression and social conflict is important to understanding the basic processes that contribute to social order. The authors go well beyond the usual view which tends to equate social conflict with fights over food, mates, or social supremacy, and analyze the diverse manifestations and significance of conflict in a variety of case studies. Contributors are scientists with field and laboratory experience in anthropology, behavioral endocrinology, ethology, and psychology. Utilizing the growing body of research on life-span development in primatology, the authors offer more extensive analyses of the complexity of primate social relationships. “I like the idea of social conflict as opposed to aggression as such. Too much of the focus on conflict has been on aggressive behavior, which is probably the most striking behavior observed in the field. The fact that conflict does not lead to aggression in all cases, that conflict is generally followed by some sort of reconciliation, and the consequences for fitness and future social life are important topics with respect to non-human primate society that should have considerable relevance to thinking about human social conflict.” -- Charles T. Snowdon, University of Wisconsin, Madison William A. Mason is Research Scientist at the California Regional Primate Research Center and Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of California. Sally P. Mendoza is Associate Professor of Psychology and Research Scientist at the California Regional Primate Research Center. 1. Primate Social Conflict: An Overview of Sources, Forms, and Consequences William A. Mason and Sally P. Mendoza 2. The Nature of Social Conflict: A Psycho-Ethological Perspective William A. Mason 3. The Evolution of Social Conflict among Female Primates Joan B. Silk 4. Social Conflict on First Encounters Sally P. Mendoza 5. Reconciliation among Primates: A Review of Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Issues Frans B. M. de Waal 6. Social Conflict in Adult Male Relationships in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Monkeys Naosuke Itoigawa 7. The Physiology of Dominance in Stable versus Unstable Social Hierarchies Robert M. Sapolsky 8. Temperament and Mother-Infant Conflict in Macaques: A Transactional Analysis William A. Mason, D.D. Long, and Sally P. Mendoza 9. Impact on Foraging Demands on Conflict within Mother-Infants Dyads Michael W. Andrews, Gayle Sunderland, and Leonard A. Rosenblum 10. Coordination and Conflict in Callicebus Social Groups Charles R. Menzel 11. Social Conflict in Two Monogamous New World Primates: Pairs and Rivals Gustl Anzenberger 12. Social Conflict and Reproductive Suppression in Marmoset and Tamarin Monkeys David H. Abbott 13. Biological Antecedents of Human Aggression Lionel Tiger 14. Conflict as a Constructive Force in Social Life David M. Lyons Index |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Mendoza, S.P.;Mason, W. A | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-7914-1241-1 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4874 | ||
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| Author | Capela, R.; Sousa, C.; Pena, I.; Caeiro, V. | ||||
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Preliminary note on the distribution and ecology of Culicoides imicola in Portugal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Medical and Veterinary Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | Med Vet Entomol |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 23-26 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Ceratopogonidae; Ecology; Population Density; Portugal | ||||
| Abstract | Data on Culicoides imicola were obtained during studies carried out during the recent outbreak of African horse sickness in Portugal. The previous most northerly published record of C. imicola in Portugal was 38 degrees 40'N (Pegoes). In the present work the geographical distribution of this species is extended to the parallel of 41 degrees 17'N. We have also confirmed the continuous presence of adult C. imicola in Southern Portugal (Alentejo and Algarve) throughout the year. In the laboratory we obtained this species from a sample of cattle faeces and from another of soil contaminated with animal excreta. In relation to host association 57.37% of C. imicola were trapped in the vicinity of pigsties. Finally, we collected 11,463 Culicoides of which 12.47% were C. imicola. | ||||
| Address | Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0269-283X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8435485 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2666 | ||
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| Author | Veissier, I. | ||||
| Title |
Observational learning in cattle | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 235-243 |
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| Abstract | Four experiments were designed to find evidence of observational learning in cattle. The experiments were run on ten experimental heifers, each observing a demonstrator mate performing a task, and on ten control heifers, each observing a non-demonstrator mate. The mates and observers were separated by wire netting in Experiments 1-3, but were in the same room in Experiment 4. The task to be learned was to push a panel to get food into a box. All naive animals were able to observe while their mate performed the task. The observers in Experiments 1 and 4 were Salers heifers that had no prior experience of the testing room; those in Experiment 2 were Salers heifers that were accustomed to the room; those in Experiment 3 were Aubrac or Limousin heifers that had already eaten in the room. The behaviour of the observers was influenced by their mates: activity at or near the boxes was enhanced by the presence of demonstrators in Experiment 2 (box contacts: 38.0 +/- 16.2 vs. 22.1 +/- 11.9 for experimental and control heifers, respectively; P<0.05), while activity in other parts of the room in Experiment 3 was enhanced when non-demonstrator mates were present (wall sniffing: 5.4 +/- 13.9 vs. 13.9 +/- 13.7; P<0.05). Overall, 26 experimental heifers vs. 19 controls learned the task (P>0.05). The time spent eating was longer when the observer only had visual contact with a demonstrator (Experiment 1: 15.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 11.6 +/- 1.8 min), but was lower when physical contacts with the demonstrator were possible (Experiment 4: 4.6 +/- 8.8 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.2 min; P<0.05). Ten out of the 11 Limousin heifers learned the task, compared with only three out of the nine Aubrac heifers (P<0.05). The latter spent more time near the door and sniffed the walls more often than the former (2.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.6 min, P<0.05, and 18.1 +/- 13.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 6.5 min, P<0.01), as though they were trying to flee the situation. When animals observed a demonstrator, their attention was drawn to stimuli involved in the task but acquisition of knowledge was not greatly improved. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour Team @ birgit.flauger @ | Serial | 4325 | ||
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| Author | Murray, Martyn G.; Brown, David | ||||
| Title |
Niche Separation of Grazing Ungulates in the Serengeti: An Experimental Test | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | The Journal of Animal Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
| Volume | 62 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 380-389 |
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| Abstract | 1. The niche separation of three species of alcelaphine antelope (wildebeest, topi and hartebeest) with similar body size was compared by measuring bite weight, bite rate, intake rate and selectivity of tame animals in plots containing grass at different growth stages. 2. On growing swards, hartebeest had a smaller bite weight and lower intake rate, and were also less selective of green leaf, than either topi or wildebeest. On senescent swards, hartebeest were more selective of leaf than the other two species. 3. Wildebeest had a faster bite rate than either topi or hartebeest on swards with low biomass and high protein content of green leaf (green flush). Bite weight and intake rate of wildebeest and topi were similar despite the difference in breadth of their incisor rows. 4. Topi were significantly more selective of green leaf than the other two species and were the only species to maintain a rapid bite rate on swards with high green leaf biomass. 5. The feeding experiments did not reveal significant cross-overs between species in the rate of food intake on different grass types, but each species was most proficient either in leaf selection or bite rate when feeding on grass swards in a particular growth stage. We suggest that growth stage is a primary determinant of niche separation. 6. In Serengeti, grazing ungulates which migrate are specialists of the earlier growth stages of grass which tend to be transient, while those that are residential specialize on late growth stages which are more enduring. The mobility of species, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of pastures containing different growth stages of grass, contribute to niche separation. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3544 | ||
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| Author | Luescher, U.A. | ||||
| Title |
More on self-mutilative behavior in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 203 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1252-1253 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Horses/*psychology; Male; *Self Mutilation | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8253611 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1942 | ||
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