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Author |
Rilling, M.E.; Neiworth, J.J. |
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Title |
How animals use images |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication  |
Science Progress |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Prog |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
298 Pt 3-4 |
Pages |
439-452 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Columbidae; *Concept Formation; *Imagination; *Mental Recall; Motion Perception; Problem Solving; *Thinking; *Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
Animal cognition is a field within experimental psychology in which cognitive processes formerly studied exclusively with people have been demonstrated in animals. Evidence for imagery in the pigeon emerges from the experiments described here. The pigeon's task was to discriminate, by pecking the appropriate choice key, between a clock hand presented on a video screen that rotated clockwise with constant velocity from a clock hand that violated constant velocity. Imagery was defined by trials on which the line rotated from 12.00 o'clock to 3.00 o'clock, then disappeared during a delay, and reappeared at a final stop location beyond 3.00 o'clock. After acquisition of a discrimination with final stop locations at 3.00 o'clock and 6.00 o'clock, the evidence for imagery was the accurate responding of the pigeons to novel locations at 4.00 o'clock and 7.00 o'clock. Pigeons display evidence of imagery by transforming a representation of movement that includes a series of intermediate steps which accurately represent the location of a moving stimulus after it disappears. |
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Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 |
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0036-8504 |
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PMID:1842858 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2831 |
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Author |
Chase, M.W.; Hills, H.H. |
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Title |
Silica Gel: An Ideal Material for Field Preservation of Leaf Samples for DNA Studies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Taxon |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
215-220 |
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Abstract |
Silica gels an inexpensive and reliable substance to preserve field-collected leaves for molecular studies of variation in DNA. A method for its utilization is explained, and results are presented, comparing total cellular DNA samples extracted from a set of fresh and silica-gel dried samples of the same species, as well as examining the efficiency of endonuclease restriction and intactness of DNA from of a set of field-collected leaves preserved with silica gel. |
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International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) |
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0040-0262 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6004 |
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Author |
Klingel, H. |
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Title |
Dix ans parmi les zèbres |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Terre Sauvage |
Abbreviated Journal |
Terre Sauvage |
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Volume |
48 |
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34-43 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1321 |
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Author |
Williams, D.O.; Boatwright, R.B.; Rugh, K.S.; Garner, H.E.; Griggs, D.M.J. |
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Title |
Myocardial blood flow, metabolism, and function with repeated brief coronary occlusions in conscious ponies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
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The American journal of physiology |
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Am J Physiol |
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260 |
Issue |
1 Pt 2 |
Pages |
H100-9 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Consciousness/*physiology; Coronary Circulation/*physiology; Coronary Disease/pathology/*physiopathology; Disease Models, Animal; Hemodynamic Processes/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Hydrogen/metabolism; Lactates/metabolism; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology; Norepinephrine/metabolism; Potassium/metabolism; Regional Blood Flow |
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Abstract |
Studies were performed in the conscious pony instrumented with a Doppler flow probe and hydraulic occluder on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), sonomicrometry crystals and intraventricular micromanometer in the left ventricle, and catheters in the left atrium and anterior interventricular vein. Two-minute LAD occlusions were performed every 30 min continuously or during working hours. Data on release of catabolites (potassium, hydrogen ions, and lactate) and norepinephrine from the initially dysfunctional region were obtained periodically during a regimen of 445 +/- 56 occlusions in six animals. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured (microsphere method) before and after an occlusion regimen in four animals. Marked release of catabolites and norepinephrine from the initially dysfunctional region was noted in association with early occlusions when myocardial segment function was severely reduced. With further occlusions, release of these substances decreased while segment function improved. Blood flow was markedly decreased in the initially dysfunctional region during an early occlusion but was at the control level during a later occlusion. Although the metabolic findings are consistent with protection due to “ischemic preconditioning” and no increase in collateral perfusion, the inverse relationship noted between catabolite release and segment function is best explained by flow-dependent mechanisms. These results, together with the myocardial blood flow data, serve to validate a previous assumption that protection against regional myocardial dysfunction under these conditions is due to increased collateral perfusion. |
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Department of Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212 |
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0002-9513 |
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PMID:1992786 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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98 |
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Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Shldeler, S.E.; Lasley, B.L.; Turner, J.W.J. |
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Title |
Pregnancy determination in uncaptured feral horses by means of fecal steroid conjugates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Theriogenology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Theriogenology |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
753-760 |
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Abstract |
This study was carried out to develop an accurate, rapid and inexpensive method for diagnosing pregnancy in uncaptured feral horses by analysis of fecal steroid metabolites and to compare the accuracy of this method with diagnosis by urinary estrone conjugates (E(1)C). Paired urine and fecal samples were collected from 40 sexually mature feral mares during August and October. Urine samples were extracted directly from the soil and analyzed by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for E(1)C. Water extracts of fecal samples were assayed by EIA for E(1)C and nonspecific progesterone metabolites (iPdG). Urinary E(1)C, fecal E(1)C and fecal iPdG concentrations for seven mares which produced foals were 3.9 +/- 1.3 (SEM) mug/mg creatinine, 4.2 +/- 0.8 ng/g feces and 1.411 +/- 569.6 ng/g feces, respectively. Urinary E(1)C and fecal E(1)C and iPdG concentrations for the 33 mares which did not produce foals were 0.1 +/- 0.0 mug/mg creatinine and 0.5 +/- 0.1 and 32.8 +/- 4.5 ng/g feces, respectively. These differed (P < 0.01) from values in mares which produced foals. |
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Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Montana College Billings, MT 59101 USA |
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0093-691X |
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PMID:16726944 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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146 |
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Author |
Luescher, U.A.; McKeown, D.B.; Halip, J. |
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Title |
Reviewing the causes of obsessive-compulsive disorders in horses |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Vet. Med. |
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86 |
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527-530 |
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Notes |
Cited By (since 1996): 17; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4526 |
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