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Author |
Schilder, M.B.H. |
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Title |
Social behaviour and social arganization of a herd of plains zebra in a safari park |
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1990 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Utrecht |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1566 |
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Author |
Stander, P.E., Nott, T.B., Lindeque, P.M.; Lindeque, M. |
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Title |
Mass marking of zebras in the Etosha National Park, Namibia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Madoqua |
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Madoqua |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
47-49 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1627 |
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Author |
Franke Stevens, E. |
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Title |
Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
149-161 |
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Abstract |
Male horses (Equus caballus) defend harems of females (bands) year-round and throughout their lifetimes. A male's lifetime reproductive success depends upon the number of females in his harem. Although harems have previously been reported as remaining stable over many years, during the two years of this study 30 % of the adult females in an island population of feral horses changed harems during late winter. The seasonal differences in harem stability resulted from seasonal differences in the abundance and distribution of food. The spacing between band members was greater and the frequency of social interactions between them was lower in winter than in summer. In addition, the amount of time devoted to grazing increased in winter. These differences are attributed to the lower availability of suitable vegetation duirng winter. Harem stability did not depend on the age of females, the size of the harem, nor the age of the harem stallion, but did depend on the presence of subordinate stallions attached to the band. All of the females that changed bands left single-male bands; multi-male bands were stable throughout the study. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1632 |
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Author |
Wiesner, J.; V. Hegel, G. |
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Title |
Zur Immobilisation von Wildequiden mit STH 2130 und Tiletamin/Zolazepam |
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Year |
1990 |
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Tierärtzliche Praxis |
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Tierärzl Prax |
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18 |
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151-154 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1707 |
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Author |
Würbel, H. |
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The relationship between social structure and mating system in donkeys & Mating strategies of male donkeys in a promiscuous mating system"l structure and mating system in donkeys & |
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1990 |
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Diploma thesis |
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Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Berne, Switzerland |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1724 |
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Author |
Heyes, C.M.; Dawson, G.R. |
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A demonstration of observational learning in rats using a bidirectional control |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology |
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Q J Exp Psychol B |
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42 |
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1 |
Pages |
59-71 |
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appetite; attention; imitation; problem solving; psychomotor performance; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Imitative Behavior; Problem Solving; Psychomotor Performance |
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Hungry rats observed a conspecific demonstrator pushing a single manipulandum, a joystick, to the right or to the left for food reward and were then allowed access to the joystick from a different orientation. The effects of right-pushing vs left-pushing observation experience on (1) response acquisition, (2) reversal of a left-right discrimination, and (3) responding in extinction, were examined. Rats that had observed left-pushing made more left responses during acquisition than rats that had observed right-pushing, and rats that had observed demonstrators pushing in the direction that had previously been reinforced took longer to reach criterion reversal and made more responses in extinction than rats that had observed demonstrators pushing in the opposite direction to that previously reinforced. These results provide evidence that rats are capable of learning a response, or a response-reinforcer contingency, through conspecific observation. |
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University of Cambridge, U.K. |
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02724995 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 49; Export Date: 17 May 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Heyes, C.M. |
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1766 |
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Author |
Mitman, G. |
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Title |
Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War |
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Year |
1990 |
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Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences |
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J Hist Behav Sci |
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26 |
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1 |
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3-16 |
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*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; *Leadership; Political Systems; *Social Dominance; United States |
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During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research. |
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University of Wisconsin |
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English |
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0022-5061 |
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PMID:2405050 |
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2044 |
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Author |
Cuthill, I.; Kacelnik, A. |
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Title |
Central place foraging: a reappraisal of the `loading effect' |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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40 |
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6 |
Pages |
1087-1101 |
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Animals that provision a central place usually bring back larger loads when foraging far from home. This positive correlation between average load size and distance is typically explained as rate-maximizing behaviour in the face of a trade-off between travel costs and a decelerating rate of prey gain in food patches (the `loading effect'). By using feeders to provide wild parent starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, with constant rates of prey loading, a positive load-distance correlation was shown to exist in the absence of a loading effect (experiment I). However, in a laboratory simulation where no load was transported (experiment II). the average number of prey eaten in patch visits by self-feeding starlings was invariant with travel distance, so the explanation of the load-distance correlation in experiment I must lie in featues peculiar to central place foraging. Bottlenecks in ingestion by chicks and interruption by visual detection of nest disturbance (experiment III) were rejected as causes of the correlation. Risks of dropping prey in flight appeared low, but the risk of kleptoparasitism received weak support. The travel-load size correlation may be an adaptive response to load transport costs, as return travel times increased with the load size being carried (experiment IV). |
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2116 |
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Author |
Reboreda, J.C.; Kacelnik, A. |
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Title |
On cooperation, tit-for-tat and mirros |
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Year |
1990 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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40 |
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6 |
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1188-1189 |
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2117 |
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Cuthill, I.C.; Kacelnik, A.; Krebs, J.R.; Haccou, P.; Iwasa, Y. |
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Title |
Starlings exploiting patches: the effect of recent experience on foraging decisions |
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1990 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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40 |
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4 |
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625-640 |
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Laboratory and field experiments have shown that, as predicted by the marginal value model, starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, stay longer in a food patch when the average travel time between patches is long. A laboratory analogue of a patchy environment was used to investigate how starlings respond to rapidly fluctuating changes in travel time in order to find out the length of experience over which information is integrated. When there was a progressive increase in the amount of work required to obtain successive food items in a patch (experiment 1), birds consistently took more prey after long than after short travel times; travel experience before the most recent had no effect on the number of prey taken. Such behaviour does not maximize the rate of energy intake in this environment. The possibility that this is the result of a simple constraint on crop capacity is rejected as, when successive prey were equally easy to obtain up until a stepwise depletion of the patch (experiment 2), birds took equal numbers of prey per visit after long and short travel times: the rate-maximizing behaviour. A series of models are developed to suggest the possible constraints on optimal behaviour that affect starlings in the type of environment mimicked by experiment 1. |
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2118 |
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