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Author |
Springorum B. |
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Title |
Hinweise zum Konditionstraining der Military-Pferde |
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1986 |
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FN-Verlag |
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Warendorf |
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3 88542 167 4 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4439 |
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Author |
Voith, V.L. |
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Title |
Principles of learning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
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2 |
Issue |
3 |
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485-506 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4547 |
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Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
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Title |
The recognition of social alliances among vervet monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
34 |
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1722-1731 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4864 |
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Author |
Goodall, J. |
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Title |
The Chimpanzees of Gombe |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4890 |
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Author |
Lima, S.L. |
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Title |
Predation Risk and Unpredictable Feeding Conditions: Determinants of Body Mass in Birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
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Volume |
67 |
Issue |
2 |
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377-385 |
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doi: 10.2307/1938580 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5141 |
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Author |
Gittleman, J.L. |
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Title |
Carnivore Life History Patterns: Allometric, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Associations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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The American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
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Volume |
127 |
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6 |
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744-771 |
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The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists |
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0003-0147 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5453 |
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Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
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Title |
Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
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100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-103 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology |
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Abstract |
The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I. |
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English |
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0735-7044 |
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Notes |
PMID:3954885 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5634 |
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Author |
Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L. |
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Title |
Exchangeable producer and scrounger roles in a captive flock of feral pigeons: a case for the skill pool effect |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
797-803 |
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Abstract |
We investigated the foraging producer-scrounger system of a captive flock of feral pigeons (Columba livia) by monitoring the number of food patches each individual produced. In one experiment, three different patch types were tested on the whole flock while, in a second, flock composition was varied for one patch type. In all cases we found non-uniform distributions of the number of patches produced per individual, which suggests the existence of producer and scrounger roles. This result could not be explained by either dominance or variability in individual learning ability. Individuals switched roles in response to changes both in food patch type and flock composition. These results are discussed in light of the skill pool hypothesis, which suggests that, in a group, different foraging specialists will profit by parasitizing each other's food discoveries. |
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ISSN |
0003-3472 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6012 |
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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
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Title |
Spatial relations between mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Beh |
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34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1007-1015 |
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Abstract |
Welsh pony mares and foals (Equus caballus) were usually found to be within 1 or 5 m of each other during the first week of the foal's life and gradually spent more time at greater distances as the foals became older. There was an overall levelling of the trend during the 9th-15th weeks of life of the foal, followed by a second period of change during weeks 16-24. Through weeks 21-24, mares and foals spent at least half of their time within 5 m of each other. Proximity was primarily due to foal activity except during foal recumbency. During the first 8 weeks of the foal's life, a mare remained close by when it was recumbent, either by grazing in a circle around it or by standing upright beside it. Mares and foals were most likely to be close together when they were resting upright with the other ponies in the herd and most likely to be far apart when the foal was playing. Similarities in patterns of spatial relationship between the foals of a given mare were demonstrated. There was no difference between colts and filies in the development of independence. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6505 |
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Author |
Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H. |
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Title |
Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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16 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 |
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6251 |
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