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Author Penzhorn Bl, openurl 
  Title Reproductive characteristics of a free – ranging population of Cape mountin zebra Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume (down) 73 Issue Pages 51-57  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1458  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author CROWELL-DAVIS SL et al openurl 
  Title Snapping by foals of Equus caballus. Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.  
  Volume (down) 69 Issue Pages 42-54  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 997  
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Author Sasväri, L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Different Observational Learning Capacity in Juvenile and Adult Individuals of Congeneric Bird Species Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.  
  Volume (down) 69 Issue 4 Pages 293-304  
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  Abstract Abstract and Summary: Since the adaptive significance of social organization is emphasized diversely in both anti-predator behaviour and food searching of birds, measures and comparisons of observational learning capacity of various species are needed. Four different experimental situations were built up for juvenile and adult individuals of tits (Parus major, P. caeruleus, P. palustris) and thrushes (Turdus merula, T. philo-melos). The birds learn more easily from conspecifics and learn easily when they already know a previous problem solving situation. The capacity of observational learning of the adult great tits surpasses that of adult blue tits and marsh tits, and that of the adult blackbirds exceeds that of the adult songthrushes. The higher performance of the great tit and blackbird can be related to their greater hemispheric index. The differences in the learning capacity of the naive individuals of the three tit species and that of the two thrush species were not significant. It is suggested, that the higher observational learning of the great tit and blackbird is evolved through maturational processes and can be reflected by their greater adaptability. Zusammenfassung: Lernen durch Nachahmung wurde in vier verschiedenen Situationen mit jungen und alten Individuen von Meisen- (Parus major, P. caeruleus, P. palustris) und Drosselarten (Turdus merula, T. philomelos) untersucht. Die Vögel lernten besser von Artgenossen und lernten leicht, wenn sie vorher bereits eine Problemlösungssituation kannten. Die Lernfähigkeit (durch Nachahmung) alter Kohlmeisen übertraf die alter Blau- und Sumpfmeisen; die Lernfähigkeit alter Amseln übertraf die alter Singdrosseln. Die höhere Leistung der Kohlmeisen und Amseln hängt mit ihrem höheren Hemisphären-Index zusammen. Naive Individuen der Meisen- und Drosselarten zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede in ihrer Lernfähigkeit. Es ist anzunehmen, daß die höhere Lernfähigkeit der Kohlmeise und der Amsel im Laufe der Entwicklung durch Reifungsprozesse zustande kommt und sich in ihrer höheren Anpassungsfähig-keit widerspiegelt.  
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  Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 1439-0310 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6169  
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Author Berger J. doi  openurl
  Title Interspecific Interactions and Dominance among Wild Great Basin Ungulates Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal J. Mamm.  
  Volume (down) 66 Issue 3 Pages . 571-573  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2231  
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Author Berger, J.; Rudman, R. doi  openurl
  Title Predation and Interactions between Coyotes and Feral Horse Foals Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication ournal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal J. Mammal.  
  Volume (down) 66 Issue 2 Pages 401-402  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2017  
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Author Klimov Vv, openurl 
  Title A spatial- ethological organization of the herd of Przewalski's horses in Askania – Nova Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal Zool J  
  Volume (down) 64 Issue Pages 282-295  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1276  
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Author Panov En, Z.L. openurl 
  Title The structure of population and behaviour of feral asses on the Ogurchinskii Island Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal Zool J  
  Volume (down) 64 Issue Pages 1071-1083  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1448  
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Author Youket, R.J.; Carnevale, J.M.; Houpt, K.A.; Houpt, T.R. openurl 
  Title Humoral, hormonal and behavioral correlates of feeding in ponies: the effects of meal frequency Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Journal of animal science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume (down) 61 Issue 5 Pages 1103-1110  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Blood Glucose/*analysis; Blood Proteins/*analysis; Blood Volume; *Eating; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/blood/*physiology; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Triiodothyronine/*blood  
  Abstract The effect of meal frequency on body fluid, glucose, triiodothyronine (T3), heart rate and behavior was measured in 10 ponies. A simple reversal design was used in which each pony received one meal/day (1X) for 2 wk and six meals/day (6X) for 2 wk. The total intake/day was held constant. Feeding was followed by a rise in plasma levels of glucose, T3, protein and osmolality. One large meal was followed by significantly greater changes in all of the variables than was a meal one-sixth the size. Plasma T3 rose from 41 +/- 5 (SE) ng/liter before feeding to 43 +/- 5 ng/liter following a small meal, but rose significantly higher, from 39 +/- 4 to 60 +/- 10 ng/liter, following a large meal. Glucose rose from 84 +/- 3 to 109 +/- 7 mg/dl following a small meal and rose significantly higher, from 83 +/- 3 to 154 +/- 11 mg/dl, after a large meal. Plasma protein rose from 6.55 +/- .14 to 6.62 +/- .16 g/dl following a small meal and from 6.45 +/- .14 to 6.99 +/- .11 g/dl following a large meal. Osmolality rose from 227 +/- 1 mosmol/liter before to 279 +/- 1 mosmol/liter following a small meal and significantly higher from 278 +/- 2 to 285 +/- 1 mosnol/liter following a large meal. Heart rate rose from 42 beats/min in the absence of feed to 50 beats/min when food was visible to the ponies and did not rise higher when eating began. There were no significant differences in the cardiac response to one large meal and that to a small meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
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  ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:4077755 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 51  
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carnevale, J. openurl 
  Title Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Journal of animal science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume (down) 60 Issue 4 Pages 883-889  
  Keywords Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Poaceae; Seasons; Temperature; Time Factors  
  Abstract The feeding and drinking behavior of 11 mares and 15 foals living on pasture with free access to water was recorded during 2,340 15-min focal samples taken over 2 yr. Lactating mares on pasture spent about 70% of the day feeding. Foals began feeding on their first day of life. As they grew older, they spent progressively more time feeding, but still spent only 47 +/- 6% of the time feeding by 21 wk of age. Foals fed primarily during the early morning and evening. While grass formed the major proportion of the diet of both foals and mares, they also ate clay, humus, feces, bark, leaves and twigs. Almost all feeding by foals was done while their mothers were feeding. Movement to water sources was frequently, but not invariably, carried out by an entire herd. Frequency (P = .005) but not duration (P greater than .05) of drinking bouts by mares increased as the temperature increased. Frequency was greatest at 30 to 35 C, at which temperature mares drank once every 1.8 h. Frequency of drinking varied with the time of day (P less than .01), being rarest during the early morning (0500 to 0900 h eastern daylight time) and most frequent during the afternoon (1300 to 1700 h). Drinking by foals was very rare. The youngest age at which a foal was observed to drink was 3 wk, and 8 of 15 foals were never observed to drink before weaning.  
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  Notes PMID:3988655 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 54  
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Author Sweeting, M.P.; Houpt, C.E.; Houpt, K.A. url  openurl
  Title Social Facilitation of Feeding and Time Budgets in Stabled Ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume (down) 60 Issue 2 Pages 369-374  
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  Abstract Eight pairs of pony mares were observed. Members of a pair were housed in adjacent stalls and fed hay ad libitum. The behavior of both ponies was recorded simultaneously in the morning (1000 to 1200 h) and afternoon (1400 to 1600 h) for a total of 117 h. The time budget was: 70.1 {+/-} 8.6% eating; 17.8 {+/-} 7.4% standing (including stand rest, stand alert and stand nonajert); 5.2 {+/-} 7.0% pushing hay; 2.9 {+/-} 1.2% walking; 1.9 {+/-} 2.9% drinking; 1.3 {+/-} 1.1% self-grooming; .2 {+/-} .3% defecating; .06 {+/-} .1% chewing nonfood items; .06 {+/-} .03% urination; .06 {+/-} .1% licking salt; .07 {+/-} .1% pawing hay; .6 {+/-} .7% lying and .07 {+/-} .08% stretching the neck over the stall wall dividing the ponies. While eating, the ponies lifted their heads 25.4 {+/-} 11.0 times/h. In less than one-half of the occasions when urination or defecation was observed, the ponies walked away from the spot where they had been eating to eliminate. During one-half of the observations, visual contact between the ponies was prevented by a solid partition between the stalls. The ponies spent significantly more time standing nonalert when the partition prevented visual contact (12 {+/-} 7%) than when visual contact could take place (6 {+/-} 3%, P<.05). When fresh hay was supplied in the mornings, the ponies spent similar amounts of time eating whether visual contact was allowed or not, but in the afternoon significantly more time was spent feeding when visual contact was allowed (73 {+/-} 4%) than when it was not (60 {+/-} 7%). Less time was spent eating, in the absence of visual contact, despite the presence of auditory and olfactory contact. Apparently social facilitation is important in maintaining feeding behavior in ponies. N1 -  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4232  
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