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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Perner J; Wimmer H openurl 
  Title (up) “John thinks that Mary thinks that”: attribution of second-order beliefs by 5- to 10-year-old children Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication J. Exp. Child Psychol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 39 Issue Pages 437  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3024  
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Author Klimov Vv, openurl 
  Title (up) A spatial- ethological organization of the herd of Przewalski's horses in Askania – Nova Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal Zool J  
  Volume 64 Issue Pages 282-295  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1276  
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Author Epstein, R. openurl 
  Title (up) Animal cognition as the praxist views it Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Abbreviated Journal Neurosci Biobehav Rev  
  Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 623-630  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences/*trends; Behaviorism; *Cognition; Columbidae; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans; Models, Psychological; Problem Solving; Psychological Theory; Psychology/history/trends  
  Abstract The distinction between psychology and praxics provides a clear answer to the question of animal cognition. As Griffin and others have noted, the kinds of behavioral phenomena that lead psychologists to speak of cognition in humans are also observed in nonhuman animals, and therefore those who are convinced of the legitimacy of psychology should not hesitate to speak of and to attempt to study animal cognition. The behavior of organisms is also a legitimate subject matter, and praxics, the study of behavior, has led to significant advances in our understanding of the kinds of behaviors that lead psychologists to speak of cognition. Praxics is a biological science; the attempt by students of behavior to appropriate psychology has been misguided. Generativity theory is an example of a formal theory of behavior that has proved useful both in the engineering of intelligent performances in nonhuman animals and in the prediction of intelligent performances in humans.  
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  ISSN 0149-7634 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:3909017 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2809  
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Author Terrace, H.S. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Animal Cognition: Thinking without Language Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (1934-1990) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 308 Issue 1135 Pages 113-128  
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  Abstract Recent attempts to teach apes rudimentary grammatical skills have produced negative results. The basic obstacle appears to be at the level of the individual symbol which, for apes, functions only as a demand. Evidence is lacking that apes can use symbols as names, that is, as a means of simply transmitting information. Even though non-human animals lack linguistic competence, much evidence has recently accumulated that a variety of animals can represent particular features of their environment. What then is the non-verbal nature of animal representations? This question will be discussed with reference to the following findings of studies of serial learning by pigeons. While learning to produce a particular sequence of four elements (colours), pigeons also acquire knowledge about the relation between non-adjacent elements and about the ordinal position of a particular element. Learning to produce a particular sequence also facilitates the discrimination of that sequence from other sequences.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3522  
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Author Sabattini, M.S.; Monath, T.P.; Mitchell, C.J.; Daffner, J.F.; Bowen, G.S.; Pauli, R.; Contigiani, M.S. openurl 
  Title (up) Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. I. Historical aspects and description of study sites Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Abbreviated Journal Am J Trop Med Hyg  
  Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 937-944  
  Keywords Animals; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology; Arboviruses; Argentina; Birds; Cattle; Child; Climate; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalitis, St. Louis/epidemiology/microbiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Geography; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Humans  
  Abstract This is the introductory paper to a series on the ecology of arboviruses in Argentina. Epizootics of equine encephalitis have occurred since at least 1908, principally in the Pampa and Espinal biogeographic zones, with significant economic losses; human cases of encephalitis have been rare or absent. Both western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses have been isolated from horses during these epizootics, but the mosquitoes responsible for transmission have not been identified. A number of isolations of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were reported between 1936 and 1958 in Argentina, but the validity of these findings has been seriously questioned. Nevertheless, serological evidence exists for human infections with a member of the VEE virus complex. Serological surveys conducted in the 1960s indicate a high prevalence of infection of humans and domestic animals with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and 2 SLE virus strains have been isolated from rodents. Human disease, however, has rarely been associated with SLE infection. Only 7 isolations of other arboviruses have been described (3 of Maguari, 1 of Aura, 2 of Una, and 1 of an untyped Bunyamwera group virus). In 1977, we began longitudinal field studies in Santa Fe Province, the epicenter of previous equine epizootics, and in 1980 we extended these studies to Chaco and Corrientes provinces. The study sites are described in this paper.  
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  ISSN 0002-9637 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:4037184 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2685  
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Author Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. openurl 
  Title (up) Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation and age-specific aspects Type Book Chapter
  Year 1985 Publication Evolution: Essays in Honour of John Maynard Smith Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 173-86  
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  Publisher Camebridge University Press Place of Publication Camebridge Editor Greenwood, P.J.; Slatkin, M.;  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 819  
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Author McGonigle, B. openurl 
  Title (up) Can apes learn to count? Type
  Year 1985 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 315 Issue 6014 Pages 16-17  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Pan troglodytes/*physiology  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:3990806 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2794  
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Author Forster, H.V.; Pan, L.G.; Bisgard, G.E.; Flynn, C.; Hoffer, R.E. openurl 
  Title (up) Changes in breathing when switching from nares to tracheostomy breathing in awake ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Abbreviated Journal J Appl Physiol  
  Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 1214-1221  
  Keywords Airway Resistance; Animals; Chemoreceptors/physiology; Consciousness; Exertion; Horses/*physiology; Lung Compliance; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors/physiology; *Respiration; Respiratory Dead Space; *Tracheotomy  
  Abstract We assessed the consequences of respiratory unloading associated with tracheostomy breathing (TBr). Three normal and three carotid body-denervated (CBD) ponies were prepared with chronic tracheostomies that at rest reduced physiological dead space (VD) from 483 +/- 60 to 255 +/- 30 ml and lung resistance from 1.5 +/- 0.14 to 0.5 +/- 0.07 cmH2O . l-1 . s. At rest and during steady-state mild-to-heavy exercise arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was approximately 1 Torr higher during nares breathing (NBr) than during TBr. Pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume (VT) were greater and alveolar ventilation was less during NBr than TBr. Breathing frequency (f) did not differ between NBr and TBr at rest, but f during exercise was greater during TBr than during NBr. These responses did not differ between normal and CBD ponies. We also assessed the consequences of increasing external VD (300 ml) and resistance (R, 0.3 cmH2O . l-1 . s) by breathing through a tube. At rest and during mild exercise tube breathing caused PaCO2 to transiently increase 2-3 Torr, but 3-5 min later PaCO2 usually was within 1 Torr of control. Tube breathing did not cause f to change. When external R was increased 1 cmH2O . l-1 . s by breathing through a conventional air collection system, f did not change at rest, but during exercise f was lower than during unencumbered breathing. These responses did not differ between normal, CBD, and hilar nerve-denervated ponies, and they did not differ when external VD or R were added at either the nares or tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
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  ISSN 8750-7587 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:4055600 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 100  
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Author Kummer, H.; Goodall, J. url  openurl
  Title (up) Conditions of Innovative Behaviour in Primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 308 Issue 1135 Pages 203-214  
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  Abstract Innovative behaviour achieved through exploration, learning and insight heavily depends on certain motivational, social and ecological conditions of short duration. We propose that more attention should be given to what these conditions are and where they are realized in natural groups of non-human primates. Only to the extent that such favourable conditions were frequently realized in a social structure or an extraspecific environment could selective pressures act on innovative abilities. There is hope that research into field conditions of innovative behaviour will help to identify its selectors in evolution.  
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  Notes 10.1098/rstb.1985.0020 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5751  
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A. openurl 
  Title (up) Coprophagy by foals: effect of age and possible functions Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 17-19  
  Keywords *Aging; Animals; *Coprophagia; Deoxycholic Acid/physiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses; Humans; Male; Pheromones/physiology; Time Factors; Urination  
  Abstract In colts and fillies observed from birth to 24 weeks old, coprophagy occurred from Weeks 1 to 19. Its frequency was greatest during the first two months. Coprophagy was rarely observed in mares and stallions. Foals usually ate the faeces of their mother but were observed to eat their own and those of a stallion and another unrelated mare. Urination by the foal occurred before, during or after 26 per cent of the coprophagy incidents. It is hypothesised that foals may consume faeces in response to a maternal pheromone which signals the presence of deoxycholic acid or other acids which the foal may be deficient in and which it may require for gut immuno-competence myelination of the nervous system. Such a pheromone may also serve to accelerate growth and sexual maturation. Coprophagy may also provide nutrients and introduce normal bacterial flora to the gut.  
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  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:4038939 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 55  
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