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Author |
Wolff, P.R.; Powell, A.J. |
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Title |
Urine patterns in mice: An analysis of male/female counter-marking |
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Year |
1984 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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32 |
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4 |
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1185-1191 |
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Counter-marking in mice, Mus musculus was investigated by analysing urine deposition on filter paper marked asymmetrically with urine of the opposite sex. Intact males deposited large numbers of urine spots with a marked angular bias towards previously marked quadrants. More spots were deposited on proestrous and ovariectomized donor urine patterns, their distribution being more centrifugal on oestrous urine and more centripetal in quadrants containing a large female urine spot in a central position. In contrast, castrated male mice deposited very few spots with no angular bias. Female urine patterns showed angular bias in response to intact, but not castrated male donor urine, a larger number of spots being produced by oestrous females. Thus the pattern of deposition offers scope for two-way communication of information about reproductive potential. |
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2144 |
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Author |
McFarland, D.J. |
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Roger L. Mellgren, Editor, Animal Cognition and Behavior, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983), p. xi |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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32 |
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2 |
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634-635 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2925 |
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Author |
Sato, S. |
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Title |
Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
25-32 |
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Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability. |
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Elsevier |
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0168-1591 |
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doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6407 |
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Author |
Cho, K.C.; Chan, K.K. |
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Title |
Kinetics of cold-induced denaturation of metmyoglobin |
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1984 |
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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology |
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786 |
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1-2 |
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103-108 |
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Metmyoglobin denaturation; Temperature jump; Denaturation kinetics; Conformational transformation; (Horse heart) |
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Using a slow temperature-jump spectrophotometer, we have studied the kinetics of cold-induced denaturation of metmyoglobin between 0[degree sign]C and 20[degree sign]C at acidic pH. The time-scale of the transition is slow and is of the order of minutes. The results are consistent with the transition's involving a total of three states, native (N), transient intermediate (I) and denatured (D), which are converted from one to the other in that order. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3978 |
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Author |
Anderson JR |
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Title |
The development of self-recognition: a review |
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1984 |
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Dev. Psychobiol. |
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17 |
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35 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2977 |
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Author |
Bökönyi, S. |
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Title |
Horse |
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Book Chapter |
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1984 |
Publication |
Evolution of domesticated animals |
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18 |
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162-173 |
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John Wiley & Sons |
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Hoboken, NJ |
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Manson |
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Product Details * Hardcover * Publisher: John Wiley & Sons (May 1986) * ISBN-10: 047020 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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949 |
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Author |
Epstein H, |
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Title |
Ass, mule and onager |
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1984 |
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In Manson: Evolution of domesticatd animals. |
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174-184 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1072 |
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Author |
Clark, T.B.; Peterson, B.V.; Whitcomb, R.F.; Henegar, R.B.; Hackett, K.J.; Tully, J.G. |
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Title |
Spiroplasmas in the Tabanidae |
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Journal Article |
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1984 |
Publication |
Israel Journal of Medical Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Isr J Med Sci |
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20 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1002-1005 |
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Animals; Diptera/*microbiology/ultrastructure; Ecology; Female; Hemolymph/microbiology; Male; Maryland; North Carolina; Plants/microbiology; Spiroplasma/classification/*isolation & purification/physiology |
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Spiroplasmas were observed in seven species of the family Tabanidae (horse flies and deer flies). This is the fifth family of the order Diptera now known to harbor spiroplasmas. Noncultivable spiroplasmas were seen in the hemolymph of three species of the genus Tabanus, and cultivable forms were isolated from the guts of six species in three genera. Isolates from T. calens and T. sulcifrons were serologically similar and closely related to a spiroplasma in the lampyrid beetle, Ellychnia corrusca. These three isolates represent a new serogroup. Isolates from Hybomitra lasiophthalma were related to Group IV strains, while those from T. nigrovittatus and Chrysops sp. both represented new serogroups. At least some tabanids probably acquire spiroplasmas from contaminated flower surfaces. The possibility of vertebrate reservoirs for some tabanid spiroplasmas remains an open question. |
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0021-2180 |
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PMID:6511308 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2687 |
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Author |
Boesch C; Boesch H |
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Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees |
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1984 |
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J. Hum. Evol. |
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13 |
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415 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2981 |
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Author |
Ralston, S.L. |
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Title |
Controls of feeding in horses |
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1984 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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59 |
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5 |
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1354-1361 |
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Animal Feed; Animals; Digestive Physiology; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Food Preferences; Horses/*physiology; Oropharynx/physiology; Satiation/physiology; Smell; Taste |
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Members of the genus Equus are large, nonruminant herbivores. These animals utilize the products of both enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and bacterial fermentation (volatile fatty acids) in the cecum and large colon as sources of metabolizable energy. Equine animals rely primarily upon oropharyngeal and external stimuli to control the size and duration of an isolated meal. Meal frequency, however, is regulated by stimuli generated by the presence and (or) absorption of nutrients (sugars, fatty acids, protein) in both the large and small intestine plus metabolic cues reflecting body energy stores. The control of feeding in this species reflects its evolutionary development in an environment which selected for consumption of small, frequent meals of a variety of forages. |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:6392275 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1954 |
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