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Author Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M. openurl 
  Title The development of altruism: Alternative research strategies. Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication The development of prosocial behavior Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 109-138  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1982) The development of altruism:

Alternative research strategies. In: The development of prosocial behavior, ed.

N. Eisenberg. Academic Press. [aSDP]
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication New York Editor Eisenberg, N.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5061  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Skiff, E.M. url  openurl
  Title The effect of enclosure design on social interactions and daily activity patterns of the captive asiatic wild horse (Equus przewalskii) Type Book Whole
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher University of Minnesota. Place of Publication Minneapolis Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5478  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Eisenberg,N.; Beilin,H. openurl 
  Title The Development of Prosocial Behavior Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication Editor  
  Language english Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-0-12-234980-5 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5976  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Frank, H.; Frank, M.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title On the effects of domestication on canine social development and behavior Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Appl Anim Ethol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue (up) Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Frank1982 Serial 6259  
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Author Arnold Gw, G.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for thoroughbred horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.  
  Volume 8 Issue (up) 1 Pages 5-25  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Social interactions between individual horses were observed in two herds each comprising a stallion and a number of mares. In one herd, the animals were observed whilst grazing and resting; in the other, nearest neighbours were recorded when the animals were grazing, and social interactions were noted when the animals were feeding on hay.

In both herds, the horses showed marked preferences for the company of specific individuals when they were grazing. In one herd, the associations were mainly between individuals that had been associated prior to being put in the herd. In the other herd, this was not the case. A new statistic was produced for testing for specific company preference. In both herds, the stallion was dominant over all mares and never received any aggression.

The complete social hierarchy could not be determined for the herd which was observed only when grazing because social contact was restricted to that within groups or pairs that associated together. In the herd to which hay was fed, a non-linear hierarchy existed. Statistics were produced to quantify both the general level of dominance of a horse and its specific dominance or subordination to every other horse. It is suggested that these statistics, and one for quantifying the general aggressiveness of a horse, could be widely used.

A principal component analysis allowed the horses to be characterised socially according to aggressiveness, their attitude to other horses and their attractiveness to other horses.
 
  Address  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 899  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M. doi  openurl
  Title Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.  
  Volume 9 Issue (up) 1 Pages 7-14  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season.

The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%).
 
  Address  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 984  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Clark, B. doi  openurl
  Title African wild ass Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal Oryx  
  Volume 17 Issue (up) 1 Pages 28-31  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The African wild ass is endangered. Its habitat is a drought-stricken war zone; its flesh is eaten and is believed to cure hepatitis; it is eagerly sought by dealers and collectors. The author, Chief Curator at Israel's Hai-Bar reserve, examines the problems hindering the conservation of this animal and explains why it is urgently necessary to list it on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora at its meeting in April 1983.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2260  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hinson, R.E. openurl 
  Title Effects of UCS preexposure on excitatory and inhibitory rabbit eyelid conditioning: an associative effect of conditioned contextual stimuli Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 8 Issue (up) 1 Pages 49-61  
  Keywords Animals; Association Learning; Cognition; *Conditioning, Eyelid; *Inhibition (Psychology); Practice (Psychology); Rabbits; Reaction Time  
  Abstract Preconditioning experience with the unconditional stimulus (UCS) retards subsequent excitatory conditioning. Three experiments demonstrated that this UCS retardation effect is attenuated by associative manipulations of contextual stimuli of the UCS preexposure environment. The UCS retardation effect was reduced by (a) altering contextual stimuli between preexposure and conditioning (Experiment 1), (b) latently inhibiting contextual stimuli prior to UCS preexposure (Experiment 2), and (c) extinguishing contextual stimuli subsequent to UCS preexposure (Experiment 3). Although UCS preexposure retarded excitatory conditioning, the results of Experiment 4 demonstrated that UCS preexposure facilitated inhibitory conditioning. These results indicate that an association between contextual stimuli and the preexposed UCS contributes to the effects of preconditioning UCS experience on subsequent learning.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7057144 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2787  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Rescorla, R.A.; Holland, P.C. url  openurl
  Title Behavioral Studies of Associative Learning in Animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue (up) 1 Pages 265-308  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3540  
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Author Beck, B.B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of Human Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue (up) 1 Pages 3-17  
  Keywords herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation  
  Abstract Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning.

Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use.

Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly.
 
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4414  
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