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Author Dowdle, W.R.; Schild, G.C. openurl 
  Title Influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization Abbreviated Journal Bull Pan Am Health Organ  
  Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 193-195  
  Keywords Animals; *Antigens, Viral; Bird Diseases/microbiology; Birds; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Horse Diseases/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/immunology/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology; Mutation; Neuraminidase/immunology; Orthomyxoviridae/enzymology/*immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology  
  Abstract Influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. When an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. The mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure from increasing immunity in the human population. The mechanism of antigenic shift is less clear, but one tentative hypothesis is that shifts arise from mammalian or avian reservoirs, or through genetic recombination of human and animal influenza strains.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title (up)  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0085-4638 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:187273 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2700  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Domjan, M. openurl 
  Title Determinants of the enhancement of flavored-water intake by prior exposure Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 17-27  
  Keywords Animals; Arousal; *Awareness; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Drinking Behavior; Environment; Escape Reaction; Fear; Male; Rats; Saccharin/administration & dosage; *Taste; Thirst; Time Factors; Water Deprivation  
  Abstract The intake of a 2.0% sodium saccharin solution in rats was observed to increase as a function of both the number (Experiment 1) and the duration (Experiment 3) of prior periods of access to the saccharin flavor, but did not increase when subjects were maintained on a fluid deprivation procedure in the absence of saccharin exposure (Experiment 2). The enhancement of intake was further influenced by the schedule of saccharin preexposures in the absence of variations in the amount of solution tasted (Experiment 4). The effect was not a function of the opportunity for subjects to determine their own pattern of contact with the saccharin flavor, the opportunity for association of the flavor with hunger and thirst reduction, or the amount of saccharin swallowed during preexposure (Experiment 5). These results suggest that mere exposure to a flavored solution is sufficient to increase subsequent intakes. The phenomenon is discussed in terms of the attenuation of neophobia elicited by the novelty of flavored solutions.  
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  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:1249524 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2790  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I. openurl 
  Title Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 59 Issue 3-4 Pages 252-268  
  Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title (up)  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:1035107 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4151  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Strayer, F.F. url  openurl
  Title Learning and imitation as a function of social status in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 835-848  
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  Abstract Learning and imitation were examined in animals selected from two groups of sixteen pigtail monkeys. There were significant differences in performance on a cued-alternation task as a function of both social status within the stable group, and prior exposure to a social model. High status animals responded more frequently, but were less successful in acquiring appropriate response delay. Exposure to the model improved response latencies and acquisition of response delay for all subjects. However, model exposure did not improve alternation performance. Results are discussed in terms of prior social experience of the subjects, general learning strategies, and differential sensitivity to multiple reinforcement contingencies. Findings are related to ethological concepts of imitation, and field reports on primate social learning.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 573  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. openurl 
  Title Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.  
  Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 202-216  
  Keywords Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior  
  Abstract Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations.  
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  ISSN 0044-3573 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:961125 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 661  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hansen Rm, openurl 
  Title Foods of free-roaming horses in southern New Mexico Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Range Mgmt  
  Volume 29 Issue Pages 347  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1159  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Heck H, openurl 
  Title Die Erhaltung des Pzewalskipferdes Type Book Whole
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1170  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hubbard Re, H.R. openurl 
  Title Diets of wild horses, cattles and mule deer in the Piceance Basin, Colorado Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Range Mgmt 29  
  Volume Issue Pages 389-392  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1206  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Keiper, R. openurl 
  Title Social organization of feral ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal Proc Pennsyl Acad Sci  
  Volume 50 Issue Pages 69-70  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1250  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ödberg Fo, openurl 
  Title A study on eliminative and grazing behaviour – the use of the field by captive horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 147-149  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1428  
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