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	Author	Pinker, S.
	Title	COGNITION:Enhanced: Out of the Minds of Babes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	283	Issue	5398	Pages	40-41
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1126/science.283.5398.40			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2956
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	Author	Mizuguchi, M.; Arai, M.; Ke, Y.; Nitta, K.; Kuwajima, K.
	Title	Equilibrium and kinetics of the folding of equine lysozyme studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Molecular Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	283	Issue	1	Pages	265-277
	Keywords	equine lysozyme; protein folding; molten globule; stopped-flow; folding intermediate
	Abstract	The equilibrium unfolding and the kinetics of unfolding and refolding of equine lysozyme, a Ca2+-binding protein, were studied by means of circular dichroism spectra in the far and near-ultraviolet regions. The transition curves of the guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding measured at 230 nm and 292.5 nm, and for the apo and holo forms of the protein have shown that the unfolding is well represented by a three-state mechanism in which the molten globule state is populated as a stable intermediate. The molten globule state of this protein is more stable and more native-like than that of α-lactalbumin, a homologous protein of equine lysozyme. The kinetic unfolding and refolding of the protein were induced by concentration jumps of the denaturant and measured by stopped-flow circular dichroism. The observed unfolding and refolding curves both agreed well with a single-exponential function. However, in the kinetic refolding reactions below 3 M guanidine hydrochloride, a burst-phase change in the circular dichroism was present, and the burst-phase intermediate in the kinetic refolding is shown to be identical with the molten globule state observed in the equilibrium unfolding. Under a strongly native condition, virtually all the molecules of equine lysozyme transform the structure from the unfolded state into the molten globule, and the subsequent refolding takes place from the molten globule state. The transition state of folding, which may exist between the molten globule and the native states, was characterized by investigating the guanidine hydrochloride concentration-dependence of the rate constants of refolding and unfolding. More than 80% of the hydrophobic surface of the protein is buried in the transition state, so that it is much closer to the native state than to the molten globule in which only 36% of the surface is buried in the interior of the molecule. It is concluded that all the present results are best explained by a sequential model of protein folding, in which the molten globule state is an obligatory folding intermediate on the pathway of folding.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3990
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	Author	Chapron, G.; Treves, A.
	Title	Blood does not buy goodwill: allowing culling increases poaching of a large carnivore			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Proc Biol Sci	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
	Volume	283	Issue	1830	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Quantifying environmental crime and the effectiveness of policy interventions is difficult because perpetrators typically conceal evidence. To prevent illegal uses of natural resources, such as poaching endangered species, governments have advocated granting policy flexibility to local authorities by liberalizing culling or hunting of large carnivores. We present the first quantitative evaluation of the hypothesis that liberalizing culling will reduce poaching and improve population status of an endangered carnivore. We show that allowing wolf (Canis lupus) culling was substantially more likely to increase poaching than reduce it. Replicated, quasi-experimental changes in wolf policies in Wisconsin and Michigan, USA, revealed that a repeated policy signal to allow state culling triggered repeated slowdowns in wolf population growth, irrespective of the policy implementation measured as the number of wolves killed. The most likely explanation for these slowdowns was poaching and alternative explanations found no support. When the government kills a protected species, the perceived value of each individual of that species may decline; so liberalizing wolf culling may have sent a negative message about the value of wolves or acceptability of poaching. Our results suggest that granting management flexibility for endangered species to address illegal behaviour may instead promote such behaviour.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6379
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	Author	de Waal, F.B.; Aureli, F.; Judge, P.G.
	Title	Coping with crowding			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Scientific American	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Am
	Volume	282	Issue	5	Pages	76-81
	Keywords	Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Emotions; Female; Grooming; Homicide; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; Population Density; Primates; Rodentia; Rural Population; Territoriality; Urban Population; Violence
	Abstract
	Address	Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8733	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11056991			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	184
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	Author	Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S.
	Title	Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	282	Issue	5389	Pages	746-749
	Keywords	Animals; Discrimination (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/psychology; Mathematics; Mental Processes
	Abstract	A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it contains) and use numerical representations computationally. Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending numerical order (1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4). As a control for non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested, without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities. These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale.
	Address	Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:9784133			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	606
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	Author	Fedak Ma, S.H.
	Title	Reappraisal of energetics of locomotion shows identical cost in bipeds and quadrupeds including ostrich and horse			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	282	Issue		Pages	713-716
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1079
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	Author	de Waal, F.B.
	Title	The end of nature versus nurture			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Scientific American	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Am
	Volume	281	Issue	6	Pages	94-99
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Ecology; Environment; Ethology; Evolution; Female; *Genetics; Humans; Instinct; Learning; Male; Sex Characteristics; Twin Studies
	Abstract
	Address	Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8733	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10614071			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	192
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wittig, R.M.; Crockford, C.; Langergraber, K.E.; Zuberbühler, K.
	Title	Triadic social interactions operate across time: a field experiment with wild chimpanzees			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
	Volume	281	Issue	1779	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Social animals cooperate with bonding partners to outcompete others. Predicting a competitor's supporter is likely to be beneficial, regardless of whether the supporting relationship is stable or transient, or whether the support happens immediately or later. Although humans make such predictions frequently, it is unclear to what extent animals have the cognitive abilities to recognize others’ transient bond partners and to predict others' coalitions that extend beyond the immediate present. We conducted playback experiments with wild chimpanzees to test this. About 2 h after fighting, subjects heard recordings of aggressive barks of a bystander, who was or was not a bond partner of the former opponent. Subjects looked longer and moved away more often from barks of the former opponents’ bond partners than non-bond partners. In an additional experiment, subjects moved away more from barks than socially benign calls of the same bond partner. These effects were present despite differences in genetic relatedness and considerable time delays between the two events. Chimpanzees, it appears, integrate memories of social interactions from different sources to make inferences about current interactions. This ability is crucial for connecting triadic social interactions across time, a requirement for predicting aggressive support even after a time delay.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5803
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	Author	Pedersen, E.J.; Kurzban, R.; McCullough, M.E.
	Title	Do humans really punish altruistically? A closer look			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
	Volume	280	Issue	1758	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Some researchers have proposed that natural selection has given rise in humans to one or more adaptations for altruistically punishing on behalf of other individuals who have been treated unfairly, even when the punisher has no chance of benefiting via reciprocity or benefits to kin. However, empirical support for the altruistic punishment hypothesis depends on results from experiments that are vulnerable to potentially important experimental artefacts. Here, we searched for evidence of altruistic punishment in an experiment that precluded these artefacts. In so doing, we found that victims of unfairness punished transgressors, whereas witnesses of unfairness did not. Furthermore, witnesses’ emotional reactions to unfairness were characterized by envy of the unfair individual's selfish gains rather than by moralistic anger towards the unfair behaviour. In a second experiment run independently in two separate samples, we found that previous evidence for altruistic punishment plausibly resulted from affective forecasting error—that is, limitations on humans’ abilities to accurately simulate how they would feel in hypothetical situations. Together, these findings suggest that the case for altruistic punishment in humans—a view that has gained increasing attention in the biological and social sciences—has been overstated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5804
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	Author	Proops, L.; McComb, K.
	Title	Cross-modal individual recognition in domestic horses (Equus caballus) extends to familiar humans			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	279	Issue	1741	Pages	3131-3138
	Keywords
	Abstract	It has recently been shown that some non-human animals can cross-modally recognize members of their own taxon. What is unclear is just how plastic this recognition system can be. In this study, we investigate whether an animal, the domestic horse, is capable of spontaneous cross-modal recognition of individuals from a morphologically very different species. We also provide the first insights into how cross-modal identity information is processed by examining whether there are hemispheric biases in this important social skill. In our preferential looking paradigm, subjects were presented with two people and playbacks of their voices to determine whether they were able to match the voice with the person. When presented with familiar handlers subjects could match the specific familiar person with the correct familiar voice. Horses were significantly better at performing the matching task when the congruent person was standing on their right, indicating marked hemispheric specialization (left hemisphere bias) in this ability. These results are the first to demonstrate that cross-modal recognition in animals can extend to individuals from phylogenetically very distant species. They also indicate that processes governed by the left hemisphere are central to the cross-modal matching of visual and auditory information from familiar individuals in a naturalistic setting.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5616
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