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	Author	Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B.
	Title	Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	234	Issue	4782	Pages	1361-1366
	Keywords	Animals; Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception
	Abstract	Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3538419			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	349
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	Author	Miller, G.
	Title	Animal behavior. Signs of empathy seen in mice			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	312	Issue	5782	Pages	1860-1861
	Keywords	Altruism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Empathy; Formaldehyde/administration & dosage; Mice/psychology; Motivation; Pain/psychology; Social Behavior
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16809499			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	461
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	Author	Kerr, R.A.
	Title	PALEOCLIMATOLOGY. Atlantic mud shows how melting ice triggered an ancient chill			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	312	Issue	5782	Pages	1860
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16809498			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	283
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	Author	Packer, C; Heinsohn, R.
	Title	Response:Lioness leadership			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	271	Issue	5253	Pages	1215-1216
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/psychology; Territoriality
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996			Serial	2072
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	Author	Thornton, A.; McAuliffe, K.
	Title	Teaching in wild meerkats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	313	Issue	5784	Pages	227-229
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Wild/psychology; Behavior, Animal; Herpestidae/psychology; Learning; Predatory Behavior; South Africa; *Teaching; Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract	Despite the obvious benefits of directed mechanisms that facilitate the efficient transfer of skills, there is little critical evidence for teaching in nonhuman animals. Using observational and experimental data, we show that wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta) teach pups prey-handling skills by providing them with opportunities to interact with live prey. In response to changing pup begging calls, helpers alter their prey-provisioning methods as pups grow older, thus accelerating learning without the use of complex cognition. The lack of evidence for teaching in species other than humans may reflect problems in producing unequivocal support for the occurrence of teaching, rather than the absence of teaching.
	Address	Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. jant2@cam.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16840701			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2834
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	Author	Mulcahy, N.J.; Call, J.
	Title	Apes save tools for future use			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	312	Issue	5776	Pages	1038-1040
	Keywords	Animals; Association Learning; Cognition; Evolution; Mental Processes; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Pongo pygmaeus
	Abstract	Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour delay between collecting and using the tools. Experiment 3 showed that seeing the apparatus during tool selection was not necessary to succeed. These findings suggest that the precursor skills for planning for the future evolved in great apes before 14 million years ago, when all extant great ape species shared a common ancestor.
	Address	Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16709782			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	466
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	Author	Blaisdell, A.P.; Sawa, K.; Leising, K.J.; Waldmann, M.R.
	Title	Causal reasoning in rats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	311	Issue	5763	Pages	1020-1022
	Keywords	Animals; Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; Cognition; Comprehension; Forecasting; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans
	Abstract	Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16484500			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	154
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	Author	Bloom, P.
	Title	Behavior. Can a dog learn a word?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	304	Issue	5677	Pages	1605-1606
	Keywords	Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Humans; Learning; Memory; Vocabulary
	Abstract
	Address	Department of Psychology, Yale University, Post Office Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15192205			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	28
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	Author	Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M.
	Title	The domestication of social cognition in dogs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	298	Issue	5598	Pages	1634-1636
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Domestic; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Cues; Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves
	Abstract	Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways.
	Address	Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12446914			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	595
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	Author	de Waal, F.B.
	Title	Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	289	Issue	5479	Pages	586-590
	Keywords	Aggression/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; Primates; Social Behavior; Social Dominance
	Abstract	The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances.
	Address	Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10915614			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	187
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