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Lombardi, C. |
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Matching and oddity relational learning by pigeons ( Columba livia ): transfer from color to shape |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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Abstract Relational learning, as opposed to perceptual learning, is based on the abstract properties of the stimuli. Although at present there is no doubt that pigeons are capable of relational behavior, this study aims to further disclose the conditions under which it occurs. Pigeons were trained in an outdoor cage on a matching-to-sample or an oddity-from-sample task, with colored cardboard stimuli presented horizontally. The apparatus involved three sliding lids on which the stimuli were drawn and which, when displaced, revealed the reinforcement. The lids were either adjacent to each other or somewhat separated. Training sessions involved two colors, and test sessions six different colors (same dimension test), or six different shapes (different dimension test). One group of birds trained under the “adjacent” condition failed when tested with new stimuli, but succeeded in both dimension tests after training under the “separate” condition. Two other groups of birds succeeded in all tests after training under the latter condition. These results show that depending on procedural details, pigeons are or are not able to transfer from one visual dimension to another, thus extending previous related findings. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3270 |
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Lieberman, D. |
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1993 |
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Learning, Behaviour and Cognition, 2nd Ed. |
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Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4525 |
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BRYSON, JOANNA J. |
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Title |
EVIDENCE OF MODULARITY FROM PRIMATE ERRORS DURING TASK LEARNING |
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MODELING LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND ACTION |
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The last two decades have seen a great deal of theorising and speculation about
the modular nature of human intelligence, as well as a rise in use of modular
architectures in artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, whether such models of natural
intelligence are well supported is still an issue of debate. In this paper, I propose
that the most important criteria for modularity is specialised representations. I
present a modular model of primate learning of the transitive inference task, and
propose an extension to this model which would explain task-learning results in
other domains. I also briefly relate this work to both neuroscience and established
AI learning architectures. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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605 |
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Pongrácz, P.; Vida, V.; Bánhegyi, P.; Miklósi, Á. |
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How does dominance rank status affect individual and social learning performance in the dog (Canis familiaris)? |
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2008 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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11 |
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75-82 |
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Dogs can learn effectively to detour around a V-shaped fence after observing a demonstration from either an unfamiliar human or dog demonstrator. We found earlier that there is substantial individual variation between the dogs' performance, even when using the same experimental conditions. Here, we investigate if the subjects' relative dominance rank with other dogs had an effect on their social learning performance. On the basis of the owners' answers to a questionnaire, subjects from multi-dog homes were sorted into groups of dominant and subordinate dogs. In Experiment 1, dominant and subordinate dogs were tested without demonstration and we did not find any difference between the groups-they had similarly low detour performances on their own. In Experiment 2 and 3, dogs from single dog and multi-dog households were tested in the detour task with demonstration by an unfamiliar dog, or human, respectively. The results showed that social learning performance of the single dogs fell between the dominant and subordinate multi-dogs with both dog and human demonstration. Subordinate dogs displayed significantly better performance after having observed a dog demonstrator in comparison to dominant dogs. In contrast, the performance of dominant and subordinate dogs was almost similar, when they observed a human demonstrator. These results suggest that perceived dominance rank in its own group has a strong effect on social learning in dogs, but this effect seems to depend also on the demonstrator species. This finding reveals an intricate organization of the social structure in multi-dog households, which can contribute to individual differences existing among dogs. |
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Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany Peter setany 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary, peter.celeste.pongracz@gmail.com |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:17492317 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2400 |
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Kamil, A.C. |
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On the Proper Definition of Cognitive Ethology |
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1998 |
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Animal Cognition in Nature |
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1-28 |
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Summary The last 20-30 years have seen two `scientific revolutions' in the study of animal behavior: the cognitive revolution that originated in psychology, and the Darwinian, behavioral ecology revolution that originated in biology. Among psychologists, the cognitive revolution has had enormous impact. Similarly, among biologists, the Darwinian revolution has had enormous impact. The major theme of this chapter is that these two scientific research programs need to be combined into a single approach, simultaneously cognitive and Darwinian, and that this single approach is most appropriately called cognitive ethology. |
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Academic Press |
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London |
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Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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9780120770304 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4202 |
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Horowitz, A.; Hecht, J. |
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Examining dog–human play: the characteristics, affect, and vocalizations of a unique interspecific interaction |
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2016 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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1-10 |
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Despite the growing interest in research on the interaction between humans and dogs, only a very few research projects focus on the routines between dogs and their owners. In this study, we investigated one such routine: dog–human play. Dyadic interspecific play is known to be a common interaction between owner and charge, but the details of what counts as play have not been thoroughly researched. Similarly, though people represent that “play” is pleasurable, no study has yet undertaken to determine whether different forms of play are associated with different affective states. Thus, we aimed to generate an inventory of the forms of dyadic play, the vocalizations within play, and to investigate the relationship of affect to elements of play. Via a global citizen science project, we solicited videotapes of dog–human play sessions from dog owners. We coded 187 play bouts via frame-by-frame video playback. We then assessed the relationship between various intra-bout variables and owner affect (positive or neutral) during play (dog affect was overwhelmingly positive). Amount of physical contact (“touch”), level of activity of owner (“movement”), and physical closeness of dog–owner dyad (“proximity”) were highly correlated with positive affect. Owner vocalizations were found to contain different elements in positive- and neutral-affect play. One novel category of play, “tease”, was found. We conclude that not all play is created equal: the experience of play to the owner participant is strongly related to a few identifiable characteristics of the interaction. |
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1435-9456 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Horowitz.2016 |
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5947 |
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Basile, M.; Boivin, S.; Boutin, A.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Hausberger, M.; Lemasson, A. |
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Socially dependent auditory laterality in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
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2009 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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12 |
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611-619 |
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Laterality is now known to be an ubiquitous phenomenon among the vertebrates. Particularly, laterality of auditory processing has been demonstrated in a variety of species, especially songbirds and primates. Such a hemispheric specialization has been shown to depend on factors such as sound structure, species specificity and types of stimuli. Much less is known on the possible influence of social familiarity although a few studies suggest such an influence. Here we tested the influence of the degree of familiarity on the laterality of the auditory response in the domestic horse. This species is known for its social system and shows visible reactions to sounds, with one or two ears moving towards a sound source. By comparing such responses to the playback of different conspecific whinnies (group member, neighbor and stranger), we could demonstrate a clear left hemisphere (LH) preference for familiar neighbor calls while no preference was found for group member and stranger calls. Yet, we found an opposite pattern of ear side preference for neighbor versus stranger calls. These results are, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate auditory laterality in an ungulate species. They open further lines of thought on the influence of the social “value” of calls and the listener's arousal on auditory processing and laterality. |
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Universite de Rennes I, EthoS, Ethologie animale et humaine-UMR 6552-CNRS Station Biologique de Paimpont, 35380, Paimpont, France, basilemuriel@hotmail.com |
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1435-9456 |
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PMID:19283416 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4761 |
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Farmer, K.; Krueger, K.; Byrne, R. |
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Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) interacting with humans |
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2010 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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13 |
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229-238 |
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Horse – Laterality – Eye preference – Emotion – Vision |
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Most horses have a side on which they are easier to handle and a direction they favour when working on a circle, and recent studies have suggested a correlation between emotion and visual laterality when horses observe inanimate objects. As such lateralisation could provide important clues regarding the horse’s cognitive processes, we investigated whether horses also show laterality in association with people. We gave horses the choice of entering a chute to left or right, with and without the passive, non-interactive presence of a person unknown to them. The left eye was preferred for scanning under both conditions, but significantly more so when a person was present. Traditionally, riders handle horses only from the left, so we repeated the experiment with horses specifically trained on both sides. Again, there was a consistent preference for left eye scanning in the presence of a person, whether known to the horses or not. We also examined horses interacting with a person, using both traditionally and bilaterally trained horses. Both groups showed left eye preference for viewing the person, regardless of training and test procedure. For those horses tested under both passive and interactive conditions, the left eye was preferred significantly more during interaction. We suggest that most horses prefer to use their left eye for assessment and evaluation, and that there is an emotional aspect to the choice which may be positive or negative, depending on the circumstances. We believe these results have important practical implications and that emotional laterality should be taken into account in training methods. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4953 |
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Author |
Stone, S. |
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Title |
Human facial discrimination in horses: can they tell us apart? |
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2010 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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13 |
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51-61 |
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Abstract The human–horse relationship has a long evolutionary history. Horses continue to play a pivotal role in the lives of humans and it is common for humans to think their horses recognize them by face. If a horse can distinguish his/her human companion from other humans, then evolution has supplied the horse with a very adaptive cognitive ability. The current study used operant conditioning trials to examine whether horses could discriminate photographed human faces and transfer this facial recognition ability a novel setting. The results indicated the horses (a) learned to discriminate photographs of the unrelated individuals, fraternal twins, and identical twins and (b) demonstrated transfer of facial recognition by spending more time with their S+ woman in the field test. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5004 |
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Author |
Krueger, K. |
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Perissodactyla Cognition |
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2017 |
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Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior |
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1-10 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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Cham |
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Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. |
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978-3-319-47829-6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2017 |
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