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Author  |
Asa, C.S.; Goldfoot, D.A.; Ginther, O.J. | ||||
| Title | Sociosexual behavior and the ovulatory cycle of ponies (Equus caballus) observed in harem groups | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Hormones and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Horm Behav |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 49-65 |
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| Abstract | Observations of sociosexual behavior of adult ponies, made on two harem groups (each comprised of one vasectomized male and three females), were correlated with follicular development and ovulation for a total of 15 cycles (minimum of 2 cycles per female). Mean cycle length (interovulatory interval) was found to be 19.7 days, with behavioral estrus lasting 7-8 days (5.5 days preovulatory; 2.3 days postovulatory). Estrous females typically showed increased frequencies of approaching and following the stallion, urinating, presenting, clitoral winking, and tail raising. Approaching and following the stallion appeared earlier and persisted longer than other estrous responses. Deviations from the modal estrous pattern included cycles with subestrus, continual estrus, behavioral estrus in the absence of ovulation, and displays of female mounting. Dominance tests revealed that a mare's status was unaffected by the phases of the estrous cycle. The presence of more than one estrous female affected the copulatory performance of both stallions, most notably in reduced latencies to first mount, intromission, and ejaculation, in spite of differences between the stallions in sexual vigor. Each stallion usually selected the dominant mare for copulation when there were multiple estrous females present, but mounts were not displayed exclusively to one female per test. The social testing situation made apparent the importance of use of space in sociosexual communication in this species, particularly in avoidance of the stallion by diestrous mares and standing alone or in proximity to him by estrous mares. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0018-506x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5363 | ||
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| Author |
Aust, U.; Huber, L. | ||||
| Title | Picture-object recognition in pigeons: evidence of representational insight in a visual categorization task using a complementary information procedure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 190-195 |
| Keywords | Animals; Classification; *Cognition; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; *Form Perception; *Generalization (Psychology); Humans; Perceptual Closure; Photic Stimulation; Photography; *Recognition (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | Success in tasks requiring categorization of pictorial stimuli does not prove that a subject understands what the pictures stand for. The ability to achieve representational insight is by no means a trivial one because it exceeds mere detection of 2-D features present in both the pictorial images and their referents. So far, evidence for such an ability in nonhuman species is weak and inconclusive. Here, the authors report evidence of representational insight in pigeons. After being trained on pictures of incomplete human figures, the birds responded significantly more to pictures of the previously missing parts than to nonrepresentative stimuli, which demonstrates that they actually recognized the pictures' representational content. | ||||
| Address | Department for Behavior, Neurobiology and Cognition, University of Vienna, Austria. ulrike.aust@univie.ac.at | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16634663 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2759 | ||
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| Author |
Baragli, P.; Mariti, C.; Petri, L.; De Giorgio, F.; Sighieri, C. | ||||
| Title | Does attention make the difference? Horses' response to human stimulus after 2 different training strategies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research | Abbreviated Journal | J Vet Behav Clin Appl Res |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 31-38 |
| Keywords | attention; exploration; horse; human stimulus; training | ||||
| Abstract | We hypothesized that in an open environment, horses cope with a series of challenges in their interactions with human beings. If the horse is not physically constrained and is free to move in a small enclosure, it has additional options regarding its behavioral response to the trainer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of 2 different training strategies on the horse’s behavioral response to human stimuli. In all, 12 female ponies were randomly divided into the following 2 groups: group A, wherein horses were trained in a small enclosure (where indicators of the level of attention and behavioral response were used to modulate the training pace and the horse’s control over its response to the stimuli provided by the trainer) and group B, wherein horses were trained in a closed environment (in which the trainer’s actions left no room for any behavioral response except for the one that was requested). Horses’ behavior toward the human subject and their heart rate during 2 standardized behavioral tests were used to compare the responses of the 2 groups. Results indicated that the horses in group A appeared to associate human actions with a positive experience, as highlighted by the greater degree of explorative behavior toward human beings shown by these horses during the tests. The experience of the horses during training may have resulted in different evaluations of the person, as a consequence of the human’s actions during training; therefore, it seems that horses evaluate human beings on daily relationship experiences. |
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| Address | attention; exploration; horse; human stimulus; training | ||||
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| ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5286 | ||
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| Author |
Barton, R.A.; Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A. | ||||
| Title | Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 321-329 |
| Keywords | Key words Ecology – Competition – Group size – Baboons | ||||
| Abstract | Predictions of the model of van Schaik (1989) of female-bonding in primates are tested by systematically comparing the ecology, level of within-group contest competition for food (WGC), and patterns of social behaviour found in two contrasting baboon populations. Significant differences were found in food distribution (percentage of the diet from clumped sources), feeding supplant rates and grooming patterns. In accord with the model, the tendencies of females to affiliate and form coalitions with one another, and to be philopatric, were strongest where ecological conditions promoted WGC. Group fission in the population with strong WGC was “horizontal” with respect to female dominance rank, and associated with female-female aggression during a period of elevated feeding competition. In contrast, where WGC was low, females' grooming was focused on adult males rather than other females. Recent evidence suggests that group fission here is initiated by males, tends to result in the formation of one-male groups, and is not related to feeding competition but to male-male competition for mates. An ecological model of baboon social structure is presented which incorporates the effects of female-female competition, male-male competition, and predation pressure. The model potentially accounts for wide variability in group size, group structure and social relationships within the genus Papio. Socio-ecological convergence between common baboons and hamadryas baboons, however, may be limited in some respects by phylogenetic inertia. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 807 | ||
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| Author |
Bateson, P. | ||||
| Title | Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Behavior and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. Cogn. |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 99-112 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6553 | ||
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| Author |
Baum, M.J. | ||||
| Title | Mammalian animal models of psychosexual differentiation: when is 'translation' to the human situation possible? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Hormones and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Horm Behav |
| Volume | 50 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 579-588 |
| Keywords | Animals; Estradiol/*physiology; Female; *Gender Identity; Humans; Hypothalamus/anatomy & histology/physiology; Male; Models, Animal; Sexual Behavior/physiology/psychology; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Testosterone/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Clinical investigators have been forced primarily to use experiments of nature (e.g., cloacal exstrophy; androgen insensitivity, congenital adrenal hyperplasia) to assess the contribution of fetal sex hormone exposure to the development of male- and female-typical profiles of gender identity and role behavior as well as sexual orientation. In this review, I summarize the results of numerous correlative as well as mechanistic animal experiments that shed significant light on general neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling the differentiation of neural circuits controlling sexual partner preference (sexual orientation) in mammalian species including man. I also argue, however, that results of animal studies can, at best, provide only indirect insights into the neuroendocrine determinants of human gender identity and role behaviors. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Sreet, Boston, MA 02215, USA. baum@bu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0018-506X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16876166 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4190 | ||
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| Author |
Beerda, B.; Schilder, M.B.H.; Janssen, N.S.C.R.M.; Mol, J.A. | ||||
| Title | The Use of Saliva Cortisol, Urinary Cortisol, and Catecholamine Measurements for a Noninvasive Assessment of Stress Responses in Dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Hormones and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Horm. Behav. |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 272-279 |
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| Abstract | A problem in assessing animal welfare is that collecting data in itself may be stressful to the animals. Therefore, noninvasive methods for collecting data have to be devised and tested. A first step in investigating saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and urinary catecholamine as noninvasive indicators of canine well-being is the validation of these hormonal measures as alternatives for those in plasma. Using a model of insulin (0.2 U/kg)-induced hypoglycemia, we report on stress-induced responses in saliva cortisol, urinary cortisol, and urinary catacholamines relative to cortisol and catecholamine responses in plasma. Hypoglycemia in six dogs induced significant (P< 0.05) increases in plasma cortisol and adrenaline but not noradrenaline. Saliva cortisol responses expressed as net area under the response curve correlated significantly with plasma cortisol responses (r> 0.92). Saliva cortisol levels measured 7 to 12% of plasma cortisol concentrations. Cortisol/creatinine ratios in urine were significantly higher when voided after insulin administeration, compared to when voided after saline treatment. Insulin-induced increments in cortisol/creatinine ratios were nonsignificant when urine samples were assayed after dichloromethane extraction. Although urinary adrenaline/creatinine (A/C) ratios were significantly correlated with maximum plasma adrenaline values after insulin administration, A/C ratios did not differ significantly between insulin and saline treatment. The present experiment provides strong support for using saliva sampling and urine collection as noninvasive methods to establish stress-induced cortisol responses. For measuring acute plasma adrenaline responses, measuring A/C ratios may not be a valid alternative. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0018-506x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5574 | ||
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| Author |
Beran, M.J.; Beran, M.M.; Harris, E.H.; Washburn, D.A. | ||||
| Title | Ordinal judgments and summation of nonvisible sets of food items by two chimpanzees and a rhesus macaque | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 351-362 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chi-Square Distribution; Cognition; Color Perception/physiology; Female; *Food; Judgment/*physiology; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; Serial Learning/*physiology; Size Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Two chimpanzees and a rhesus macaque rapidly learned the ordinal relations between 5 colors of containers (plastic eggs) when all containers of a given color contained a specific number of identical food items. All 3 animals also performed at high levels when comparing sets of containers with sets of visible food items. This indicates that the animals learned the approximate quantity of food items in containers of a given color. However, all animals failed in a summation task, in which a single container was compared with a set of 2 containers of a lesser individual quantity but a greater combined quantity. This difficulty was not overcome by sequential presentation of containers into opaque receptacles, but performance improved if the quantitative difference between sizes was very large. | ||||
| Address | Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Decatur, 30034, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16045389 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2766 | ||
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| Author |
Beran, M.J.; Pate, J.L.; Washburn, D.A.; Rumbaugh, D.M. | ||||
| Title | Sequential responding and planning in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 203-212 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Cognition; Female; Goals; Learning; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; *Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Task Performance and Analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) selected either Arabic numerals or colored squares on a computer monitor in a learned sequence. On shift trials, the locations of 2 stimuli were interchanged at some point. More errors were made when this interchange occurred for the next 2 stimuli to be selected than when the interchange was for stimuli later in the sequence. On mask trials, all remaining stimuli were occluded after the 1st selection. Performance exceeded chance levels for only 1 selection after these masks were applied. There was no difference in performance for either stimulus type (numerals or colors). The data indicated that the animals planned only the next selection during these computerized tasks as opposed to planning the entire response sequence. | ||||
| Address | Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com | ||||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15279511 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2767 | ||
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| Author |
Beran, M.J.; Smith, J.D.; Redford, J.S.; Washburn, D.A. | ||||
| Title | Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) monitor uncertainty during numerosity judgments | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 111-119 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Cognition; *Judgment; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Mathematics; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Uncertainty | ||||
| Abstract | Two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) judged arrays of dots on a computer screen as having more or fewer dots than a center value that was never presented in trials. After learning a center value, monkeys were given an uncertainty response that let them decline to make the numerosity judgment on that trial. Across center values (3-7), errors occurred most often for sets adjacent in numerosity to the center value. The monkeys also used the uncertainty response most frequently on these difficult trials. A 2nd experiment showed that monkeys' responses reflected numerical magnitude and not the surface-area illumination of the displays. This research shows that monkeys' uncertainty-monitoring capacity extends to the domain of numerical cognition. It also shows monkeys' use of the purest uncertainty response possible, uncontaminated by any secondary motivator. | ||||
| Address | Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com | ||||
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| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16634654 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2762 | ||
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