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	Author	Hoover, T.S.; Marshall, T.T.
	Title	A comparison of learning styles and demographic characteristics of students enrolled in selected animal science courses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	12	Pages	3169-3173
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2939
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	Author	McCall, C.A.
	Title	A Review of Learning Behavior in Horses and its Application in Horse Training			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	68	Issue	1	Pages	75-81
	Keywords
	Abstract	A literature review of the equine learning research conducted in the past 20 yr revealed that the purpose of most of the studies was to determine whether horses respond to learning situations in the same way that other animals do. The results indicated that horses can discriminate many different types of stimuli, and they learn through stimulus-response- reinforcement chains. Most equine learning studies have utilized learning tasks depending on primary positive reinforcement to get the horses to work the tests. Yet, the majority of horse trainers use negative reinforcement more often than primary positive reinforcement in their training procedures. Therefore, past research often did not have a direct application to training methods commonly utilized in the horse industry. Research also demonstrated that 1) early experiences of horses can affect learning ability later, 2) equine memory is efficient and 3) concentrating learning mals in long training sessions decreases equine learning efficiency. Many factors that might affect equine learning ability and be applicable to training practices in the horse industry have not been thoroughly investigated; for example, interactions between nutrition and learning and between exercise and learning, the use of negative and secondary reinforcements in horse training, and the horse's ability to make few initial errors compared to its ability to eliminate errors as training progresses all require investigation in future equine learning studies. N1 -
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1992
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	Author	Mennecke, B.E.; Townsend, A.M.; Hayes, D.J.; Lonergan, S.M.
	Title	A study of the factors that influence consumer attitudes toward beef products using the conjoint market analysis tool			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	jas.2006-495-
	Keywords
	Abstract	This study utilizes an analysis technique commonly used in marketing, the conjoint method, to examine the relative utilities of a set of beef steak characteristics considered by a national sample of 1,432 US consumers, as well as additional localized samples representing undergraduate students at a business college and in an animal science department. The analyses indicate that among all respondents, region of origin is by far the most important characteristic; this is followed by animal breed, traceability, animal feed, and beef quality. Alternatively, the cost of cut, farm ownership, the use (or non-use) of growth promoters, and whether the product is guaranteed tender were the least important factors. Results for animal science undergraduates are similar to the aggregate results except that these students emphasized beef quality at the expense of traceability and the non-use of growth promoters. Business students also emphasized region of origin but then emphasized traceability and cost. The ideal steak for the national sample is from a locally produced choice Angus, fed a mixture of grain and grass that is traceable to the farm or origin. If the product was not produced locally respondents indicated that their preferred production states are, in order from most to least preferred, Iowa, Texas, Nebraska and Kansas.
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	Notes	10.2527/jas.2006-495			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2944
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	Author	Provenza, F.D.
	Title	Acquired aversions as the basis for varied diets of ruminants foraging on rangelands			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	74	Issue	8	Pages	2010-2020
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2946
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	Author	Watts, J.M.
	Title	Animats: computer-simulated animals in behavioral research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	10	Pages	2596-2604
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2936
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	Author	Allen, C.
	Title	Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	1	Pages	42-47
	Keywords	Agriculture; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Ethology; *Philosophy; Research
	Abstract	Developments in the scientific and philosophical study of animal cognition and mentality are of great importance to animal scientists who face continued public scrutiny of the treatment of animals in research and agriculture. Because beliefs about animal minds, animal cognition, and animal consciousness underlie many people's views about the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, it has become increasingly difficult for animal scientists to avoid these issues. Animal scientists may learn from ethologists who study animal cognition and mentality from an evolutionary and comparative perspective and who are at the forefront of the development of naturalistic and laboratory techniques of observation and experimentation that are capable of revealing the cognitive and mental properties of nonhuman animals. Despite growing acceptance of the ethological study of animal cognition, there are critics who dispute the scientific validity of the field, especially when the topic is animal consciousness. Here, a proper understanding of developments in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science can help to place cognitive studies on a firm methodological and philosophical foundation. Ultimately, this is an interdisciplinary task, involving scientists and philosophers. Animal scientists are well-positioned to contribute to the study of animal cognition because they typically have access to a large pool of potential research subjects whose habitats are more controlled than in most field studies while being more natural than most laboratory psychology experiments. Despite some formidable questions remaining for analysis, the prospects for progress in assessing animal cognition are bright.
	Address	Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4237, USA
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:9464883			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2750
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	Author	Hunter, L.; Houpt, K..A.
	Title	Bedding material preferences of ponies.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1989	Publication	Journal of American Society of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J Anim Sci
	Volume	67	Issue	8	Pages	1986-1991
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	Abstract	The bedding preferences of ponies were determined using video recordings of nighttime (1900 to 0700) behavior of individually housed ponies. The ponies' behavior each minute was recorded to determine time budgets. In Exp. I, preference for bedding was determined using three mares, three stallions and two geldings given access to bedded and unbedded areas in a box stall. The ponies spent more time (66%) on the bedded area and were never observed lying on the unbedded areas. In Exp. II, three mares and six stallions were given access to a box stall, one side of which was bedded with wood shavings and the other with straw. Although some individual animals preferred one bedding over the other, neither form of bedding was preferred consistently. Time budgets in Exp. II were similar on both bedding materials. The ponies spent 12% of their nighttime lying, 2% walking, 35% eating and 50% standing inactively. Some ponies had a relatively strong preference for bedding, but the type of bedding preferred varied with the individual animal. Some individual ponies had no clear preference, but instead had a side or position preference
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1211
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	Author	Croney, C.C.; Millman, S.T.
	Title	BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: The ethical and behavioral bases for farm animal welfare legislation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	85	Issue	2	Pages	556-565
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	Abstract	Concerns about farm animal welfare vary among individuals and societies. As people increasingly consider the values underlying current farm animal production methods, farm animal welfare policy debates have escalated. Recent food animal protection policies enacted in the European Union have fueled highly contentious discussions about the need for similar legislative activity in the United States. Policymakers and scientists in the United States are apprehensive about the scientific assessment, validation, and monitoring of animal welfare, as well as the unforeseen consequences of moving too hastily toward legislating farm animal welfare. The potential impact of such legislation on producers, food prices, animals, and concerned citizens must also be considered. Balancing the interests of all stakeholders has therefore presented a considerable challenge that has stymied US policymaking. In this review, we examine the roles of ethics and science in policy decisions, discuss how scientific knowledge relative to animal behavior has been incorporated into animal welfare policy, and identify opportunities for additional refinement of animal welfare science that may facilitate ethical and policy decisions about animal care.
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	Notes	10.2527/jas.2006-422			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2932
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	Author	Jezierski T., Gorecka A.
	Title	Changes in the horses heart rate during different levels of social isolation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Animal Science Papers and Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep.
	Volume	18	Issue	1	Pages	33-41
	Keywords	horse; heart rate; human-animal relation
	Abstract	Social isolation in horses may be regarded as a stress factor which implies welfare problems. The aim of the experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of transient social isolation and human presence on the heart rate (HR) in horses. Seven horses were used and the experiment was conducted in a tether-stable without boxes. The HR was recorded electronically, continuously for 40 min during the following test situations: all horses in the stable; experimenter approaches the tested horse, other horses being untied and leaving the stable; tested horse staying alone or in the company of one or two stable-mates; the experimenter attempts to calm the isolated horse; outdoor auditory stimuli from other horses. The HR was significantly higher during the whole period of isolation, and depended on how many horses were left as company for the one tested. The highest HR was observed while other horses were leaving the stable and during perception of outdoor auditory stimuli from others. When in the company of two stable mates, the HR was elevated only while other horses were leaving the stable and during auditory stimuli from outdoors. Human presence evoked a significant increase in HR, probably due to conditioning of horses (expecting to be untied and allowed to join the others), irrespectively whether the tested horse was left alone or with one or two stable-mates.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4816
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	Author	Pfister, J.A.; Stegelmeier, B.L.; Cheney, C.D.; Ralphs, M.H.; Gardner, D.R.
	Title	Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim. Sci.
	Volume	80	Issue	1	Pages	79-83
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	Abstract	Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a serious poisoning problem for horses grazing on infested rangelands in the western United States. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether lithium chloride or apomorphine would condition aversions to palatable foods, and at what doses, and 2) whether horses could be averted to fresh locoweed in a pen and grazing situation. Apomorphine was not an acceptable aversive agent because at the dose required to condition an aversion (> or = 0.17 mg/kg BW), apomorphine induced unacceptable behavioral effects. Lithium chloride given via stomach tube at 190 mg/kg BW conditioned strong and persistent aversions to palatable feeds with minor signs of distress. Pen and grazing tests were conducted in Colorado to determine if horses could be averted to fresh locoweed. Pen tests indicated that most horses (5/6) were completely averted from locoweed. Treated horses ate 34 g of fresh locoweed compared to 135 g for controls (P < 0.01) during three pen tests when offered 150 g per test. One horse (T) in the treatment group ate locoweed each time it was offered in the pen, but ate no locoweed while grazing. In the grazing trial, control horses averaged 8.6% of bites of locoweed (P < 0.01) during the grazing portion of the study, whereas treated horses averaged <0.5%. One treated horse (S) accounted for all consumption; he consumed 15% of his bites as locoweed in a grazing bout on d 2 of the field study. Thereafter, he was dosed a second time with lithium chloride and ate no locoweed in the subsequent 5 d. Three of six horses required two pairings of lithium chloride with fresh locoweed to condition a complete aversion. The results of this study indicate that horses can be averted from locoweed using lithium chloride as an aversive agent, and this may provide a management tool to reduce the risk of intoxication for horses grazing locoweed-infested rangeland.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5682
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