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Author |
Barros, A.T. |
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Title |
Seasonality and relative abundance of Tabanidae (Diptera) captured on horses in the Pantanal, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
917-923 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Climate; Diptera/classification/*physiology; Ecology; Horses/*parasitology; Population Dynamics; Seasons; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
Once a month, from June 1992 to May 1993, collections of tabanids on horse were conducted in the Nhecolandia, Pantanal State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Tabanid catches using hand nets were conducted from sunrise to sunset at grassland and cerradao (dense savanna) habitats. A total of 3,442 tabanids from 21 species,12 genera, and 3 subfamilies were collected. Although species abundance varied seasonally depending on habitat, no habitat specificity was observed for the most abundant species. In the grassland, 1,625 (47.2%) tabanids belonging to 19 species were collected, while 1,817 (52.8%) tabanids from 17 species were caught in the cerradao. The number of tabanid species varied from 7 during winter (July/August) to 15 in the spring (October). Tabanus importunus (56%) was the most abundant species, followed by T. occidentalis (8.2%), and T. claripennis (8.1%). The tabanid peak, in October, coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. The population peak of most species, including those with higher vector potential, suggests that the rainy season can be considered as the period of potentially higher risk of mechanical transmission of pathogens by tabanids to horses in the region. |
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Embrapa Pantanal, 79320-900 Corumba, MS, Brasil. thadeu@cpap.embrapa.br |
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0074-0276 |
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PMID:11685255 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2644 |
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Author |
Mouritsen, K.N. |
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Title |
Hitch-hiking parasite: a dark horse may be the real rider |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
International Journal for Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Parasitol |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
1417-1420 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Ecology; Host-Parasite Relations; Snails/*parasitology; Trematoda/growth & development/*physiology; Trematode Infections/transmission |
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Abstract |
Many parasites engaged in complex life cycles manipulate their hosts in a way that facilitates transmission between hosts. Recently, a new category of parasites (hitch-hikers) has been identified that seem to exploit the manipulating effort of other parasites with similar life cycle by preferentially infecting hosts already manipulated. Thomas et al. (Evolution 51 (1997) 1316) showed that the digenean trematodes Microphallus papillorobustus (the manipulator) and Maritrema subdolum (the hitch-hiker) were positively associated in field samples of gammarid amphipods (the intermediate host), and that the behaviour of Maritrema subdolum rendered it more likely to infect manipulated amphipods than those uninfected by M. papillorobustus. Here I provide experimental evidence demonstrating that M. subdolum is unlikely to be a hitch-hiker in the mentioned system, whereas the lucky candidate rather is the closely related but little known species, Microphallidae sp. no. 15 (Parassitologia 22 (1980) 1). As opposed to the latter species, Maritrema subdolum does not express the appropriate cercarial behaviour for hitch-hiking. |
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Address |
Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. kim.mouritsen@stonebow.otago.ac.nz |
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0020-7519 |
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PMID:11595227 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2645 |
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Author |
Lemasson, J.J.; Fontenille, D.; Lochouarn, L.; Dia, I.; Simard, F.; Ba, K.; Diop, A.; Diatta, M.; Molez, J.F. |
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Title |
Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
396-403 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anopheles/*parasitology; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Desert Climate; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria/*transmission; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission; Periodicity; Plasmodium malariae/isolation & purification; Protozoan Proteins/analysis; Rain; Seasons; Senegal; Sheep/parasitology; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. Mosquitoes belonging to the An. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Of 26,973 females, An. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than An. gambiae after the rains terminated. There were no differences in nocturnal biting cycles or endophagous rates between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test of bloodmeals, the anthropophilic rate of these 2 vectors were both approximately 60%, when comparisons were made during the same period. Overall, 18% of the resting females had patent mixed bloodmeals, mainly human-bovine. The parity rates of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis varied temporally. Despite similar behavior, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) rates were different between An. gambiae (4.1%) and An. arabiensis (1.3%). P. malariae and P. ovale only represented 4% of the total Plasmodium identified in mosquitoes. Transmission was seasonal, occurring mainly during 4 mo. The CSP entomological inoculation rates were 128 bites per human per year for the 1st yr and 100 for the 2nd yr. Because of the combination of a high human biting rate and a low CSP rate, An. arabiensis accounted for 63% of transmission. Possible origin of differences in CSP rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis is discussed in relation to the parity rate, blood feeding frequency, and the hypothesis of genetic factors. |
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Address |
Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en cooperation (ORSTOM), Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal |
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0022-2585 |
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Notes |
PMID:9220672 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2655 |
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Author |
Gothe, R. |
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Title |
[Tapeworms, a problem in equine practice?] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Tierarztliche Praxis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierarztl Prax |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
466-470 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cestode Infections/diagnosis/parasitology/therapy/*veterinary; *Horse Diseases/diagnosis/parasitology/therapy; Horses |
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Abstract |
This paper gives a survey on biology and ecology of equine tapeworms as well as on pathogenesis, clinics, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of tapeworm infections. |
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Address |
Institut fur Vergleichende Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
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German |
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Original Title |
Bandwurmer, ein Problem in der Pferdepraxis? |
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ISSN |
0303-6286 |
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Notes |
PMID:7855855 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2663 |
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Author |
Hutchinson, G.W.; Abba, S.A.; Mfitilodze, M.W. |
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Title |
Seasonal translation of equine strongyle infective larvae to herbage in tropical Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Veterinary Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Parasitol |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
251-263 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Feces/*parasitology; Horses; Queensland; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*parasitology; Strongyloidea/growth & development/*physiology; Strongylus/growth & development/*physiology; Tropical Climate |
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Abstract |
Longevity in faeces, migration to and survival on herbage of mixed strongyle infective larvae (approximately 70% cyathostomes: 30% large strongyles) from experimentally deposited horse faeces was studied in the dry tropical region of North Queensland for up to 2 years. Larvae were recovered from faeces deposited during hot dry weather for a maximum of 12 weeks, up to 32 weeks in cool conditions, but less than 8 weeks in hot wet summer. Translation to herbage was mainly limited to the hot wet season (December-March), except when unseasonal winter rainfall of 40-50 mm per month in July and August allowed some additional migration. Survival on pasture was estimated at 2-4 weeks in the summer wet season and 8-12 weeks in the autumn-winter dry season (April-August). Hot dry spring weather (pre-wet season) was the most unfavourable for larval development, migration and survival. Peak counts of up to 60,000 larvae kg-1 dry herbage were recorded. The seasonal nature of pasture contamination allowed the development of rational anthelmintic control programs based on larval ecology. |
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Address |
Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia |
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ISSN |
0304-4017 |
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Notes |
PMID:2815535 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2672 |
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Author |
McHugh, C.P. |
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Title |
Ecology of a semi-isolated population of adult Anopheles freeborni: abundance, trophic status, parity, survivorship, gonotrophic cycle length, and host selection |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-176 |
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Keywords |
Aging/physiology; Animals; Anopheles/*physiology; Breeding; California; Cattle/parasitology; Dogs/parasitology; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Host-Parasite Relations; Male; Parity; Population Density; Rabbits/parasitology |
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Abstract |
A population of adult Anopheles freeborni near Sheridan, CA was sampled daily during 13 August-7 September 1984. Data on abundance, trophic status, and gonotrophic age were recorded. Abundance and gonotrophic age data were analyzed to estimate daily survivorship and gonotrophic cycle length. Daily survivorship for unfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.72 with a gonotrophic cycle of 6 days duration. Daily survivorship for bloodfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.74 with a gonotrophic cycle of 4 days. The 2 day difference in gonotrophic cycles between unfed and bloodfed mosquitoes was the result of the period required for maturation and mating of teneral females. In 1986, an incage release of field-collected females estimated survivorship at 0.75 per day. Precipitin tests of 1,338 blood-engorged mosquito abdomens indicated that bovids, horses, rabbits, and canids comprised 92% of bloodmeals; no bloodmeals of human origin were detected. |
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Address |
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis |
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ISSN |
0002-9637 |
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Notes |
PMID:2774063 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2673 |
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Author |
Konstantinov, S.A.; Veselkin, A.G. |
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Title |
[The intensity and efficiency of a gadfly attack on cattle depending on the number and location of the animals in the herd] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-10 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle/*parasitology; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Insect Bites and Stings/parasitology/*veterinary; Russia |
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Abstract |
The effect of group was studied on cattle being attacked by horse flies of three genera. The method of simultaneous registrations of attacking horse flies in herds of 8 to 100 animals and on single cows was used. It has been shown that the effect of group reveals itself only when animals in the herd reach a certain minimum number, the effect rate depending on peculiarities of attacking of a given species of bloodsuckers, such as a part of responding individuals, distance of an attack, duration of contact with an object. These parameters tend to change with increasing number of animals in the herd. Therefore differences in the intensity of attacks on herds with different cattle stock cannot be explained proceeding only from differences in the occupied areas. The number of attacking horse flies decreases from the periphery of the herd to its centre and is not the same in different parts of the periphery. The effectiveness of attacking, ie the part of sucking individuals of a given species (genus) from the number of horse flies attacking for a definite period of time, is the highest in a large herd and increases in its ranges from the periphery to the centre. This dependence leads to a more even distribution of sucking individuals as compared to attacking ones. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Intensivnost' i effektivnost' napadeniia slepnei na krupnyi rogatyi skot v zavisimosti ot chisla i mestopolozheniia zhivotnykh v stade |
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0031-1847 |
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Notes |
PMID:2524028 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2674 |
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Author |
Enileeva, N.K. |
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Title |
[Ecological characteristics of horse stomach botflies in Uzbekistan] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
577-579 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Female; Flight, Animal; Horses/*parasitology; Larva/physiology; Male; Population Dynamics; Uzbekistan |
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Abstract |
The paper describes the flight periods and dynamics of abundance of horse botflies, life span of females and males, effect of environmental factors on the activity of flies and their behaviour, potential fecundity of different species of botflies, duration of embryonal development, preservation of viability of larvae in egg membranes, localization of different stages of botflies in the host, and methods of their control. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Ekologicheskie osobennosti zheludochnykh ovodov loshadei v Uzbekistane |
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0031-1847 |
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Notes |
PMID:2958767 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2680 |
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Author |
Polley, L. |
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Title |
Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1686-1693 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3752676 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2682 |
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Author |
Ribeiro, H.S.; Larangeira, N.L.; Paiva, F. |
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Title |
[Prevalence of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbald, 1884) Railiet & Henry 1907, in Pantaneira breed horses of the region of Pocone, MT] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Arquivos do Instituto Biologico |
Abbreviated Journal |
Arq Inst Biol (Sao Paulo) |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
107-110 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Dictyocaulus/*isolation & purification; Ecology; Female; Horses/*parasitology; Male; Metastrongyloidea/*isolation & purification; Seasons |
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Abstract |
The authors sacrificed fifty-five horses originated from the “Pantanal”, lowlands in the State of Mato Grosso in two different periods, droughty period and flooded and they described for the first time the Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in Mato Grosso. Relationship between droughty and flooded periods proved not to occur. |
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Portuguese |
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Original Title |
Prevalencia de Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbald, 1884) Railiet & Henry 1907, em cavalos de raca pantaneira da regiao de Pocone, MT |
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ISSN |
0020-3653 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:554599 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2693 |
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