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Author | Amant, R. St.; Horton, T.E. | ||||
Title | Revisiting the definition of animal tool use | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 75 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1199-1208 |
Keywords | cognition; tool use | ||||
Abstract | Benjamin Beck's definition of tool use has served the field of animal cognition well for over 25 years (Beck 1980, Animal Tool Behavior: the Use and Manufacture of Tools, New York, Garland STPM). This article proposes a new, more explanatory definition that accounts for tool use in terms of two complementary subcategories of behaviours: behaviours aimed at altering a target object by mechanical means and behaviours that mediate the flow of information between the tool user and the environment or other organisms in the environment. The conceptual foundation and implications of the new definition are contrasted with those of existing definitions, particularly Beck's. The new definition is informally evaluated with respect to a set of scenarios that highlights differences from Beck's definition as well as those of others in the literature. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5861 | ||
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Author | Arluke, A. | ||||
Title | The use of dogs in medical and veterinary training: understanding and approaching student uneasiness | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 197-204 |
Keywords | *Animal Experimentation; Animals; *Animals, Laboratory; Cadaver; Comprehension; Dogs; Education, Veterinary/*ethics/*methods; Humans; Massachusetts; Schools, Veterinary; Students, Medical/*psychology; Biomedical and Behavioral Research | ||||
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Address | Tajen Institute of Technology, Taiwan. a.arluke@neu.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1088-8705 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:15498727; KIE: KIE Bib: animal experimentation | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2755 | ||
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Author | Aronson, L. | ||||
Title | Animal behavior case of the month. Aggression directed toward other horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume | 213 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 358-359 |
Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/psychology; Horses/*psychology; Housing, Animal; Hypothyroidism/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary; Male; Physical Examination/veterinary; Thyroxine/blood/therapeutic use | ||||
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Address | Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:9702222 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1935 | ||
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Author | Autio, E.; Heiskanen, M.-L. | ||||
Title | Foal behaviour in a loose housing/paddock environment during winter | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 91 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 277-288 |
Keywords | Foal behaviour; Horse; Loose house; Time budget; Weather | ||||
Abstract | The aim of this study was to establish some basic facts about weanling horse (Equus caballus) behaviour in a loose housing/paddock environment during winter. The behaviour of 10 foals (seven American Standardbred and three Finnish cold-blooded foals) was observed in a cold loose housing/paddock environment from December 2002 to March 2003. The time budget, circadian rhythm and effect of weather conditions on behaviour were examined. The foals were observed for a total of 23 24-h periods by video recording. The method used was instantaneous sampling (), where the locations of foals were noted at every 15 min along with the behaviour performed at that time. Temperature, humidity and wind speed were recorded three times a day. The foals spent 43.2 +/- 6.6% of the time in the sleeping hall (an insulated building with a deep-litter bed), 51.4 +/- 5.8% in the open paddock and 5.2 +/- 2.7% in the shelter (a two-sided, roofed entrance shelter in front of the sleeping hall). The time spent outdoors was greatest between the hours of 08:00 and 20:00, but the foals spent some time outdoors also at night. They spent most of the day eating hay (27.6 +/- 3.0%) (offered ad libitum), standing (25.5 +/- 2.8%) and resting (32.1 +/- 2.4%). The proportion of locomotive behaviour patterns was 5% of the observations. The foals in this study were able to perform species-specific behaviour patterns (resting, eating, being active) and to follow the natural circadian rhythm of these patterns. The behaviour of the foals did not change much as the temperature dropped from 0 to -20 [degree sign]C. The time spent in the sleeping hall did not increase greatly, nor the time spent eating, resting or lying close to each other (huddling). On the basis of their behaviour, the weanling horses did not seem to suffer from the cold environment. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3632 | ||
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Author | Aviad, A.D.; Houpt, J.B. | ||||
Title | The molecular weight of therapeutic hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate): how significant is it? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | The Journal of rheumatology | Abbreviated Journal | J Rheumatol |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 297-301 |
Keywords | Animals; Horse Diseases/drug therapy; Horses; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid/*chemistry/*therapeutic use; Joint Diseases/*drug therapy/veterinary; Molecular Weight; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy/veterinary; Synovial Fluid/drug effects/physiology; Viscosity | ||||
Abstract | Various molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have been injected into joints for the treatment of human and equine osteoarthritis. A therapeutic advantage has been claimed for commercial products with a molecular weight in the range found in normal synovial fluid (SF), compared to lower molecular weight products. But a correlation between molecular weight and efficacy is not borne out by an analysis of the available literature on clinical results. SF viscosity, HA concentration, HA molecular weight and rate of synthesis in joint disease. It is proposed that the beneficial effect of injected HA in joint disease may be due to pharmacological rather than to physical properties. | ||||
Address | Rheumatic Disease Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0315-162X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8182640 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 35 | ||
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Author | Baltic, M.; Jenni-Eiermann, S.; Arlettaz, R.; Palme, R. | ||||
Title | A noninvasive technique to evaluate human-generated stress in the black grouse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Ann N Y Acad Sci |
Volume | 1046 | Issue | Pages | 81-95 | |
Keywords | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism; Animals; Bird Diseases/*metabolism; Conservation of Natural Resources; Corticosterone/*metabolism; Ecosystem; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Galliformes/*metabolism; Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods/veterinary; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Stress/metabolism/*veterinary; Tritium/diagnostic use | ||||
Abstract | The continuous development of tourism and related leisure activities is exerting an increasingly intense pressure on wildlife. In this study, a novel noninvasive method for measuring stress in the black grouse, an endangered, emblematic species of European ecosystems that is currently declining in several parts of its European range, is tested and physiologically validated. A radiometabolism study and an ACTH challenge test were performed on four captive black grouse (two of each sex) in order to get basic information about the metabolism and excretion of corticosterone and to find an appropriate enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) to measure its metabolites in the feces. Peak radioactivity in the droppings was detected within 1 to 2 hours. Injected (3)H-corticosterone was excreted as polar metabolites and by itself was almost absent. A cortisone-EIA was chosen from among seven tested EIAs for different groups of glucocorticoid metabolites, because it cross-reacted with some of the formed metabolites and best reflected the increase of excreted corticosterone metabolites, after the ACTH challenge test. Concentrations of the metabolites from fecal samples collected from snow burrows of free-ranging black grouse were within the same range as in captive birds. The noninvasive method described may be appropriate for evaluating the stress faced by free-living black grouse populations in the wild, particularly in mountain ecosystems where human disturbance, especially by winter sports, is of increasing conservation concern. | ||||
Address | Zoological Institute, Division of Conservation Biology, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0077-8923 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:16055845 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4080 | ||
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Author | Barnard, C.J.; Luo, N. | ||||
Title | Acquisition of dominance status affects maze learning in mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 60 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 53-59 |
Keywords | Social status; Learning; Radial maze; Mouse | ||||
Abstract | Learning is likely to be costly and thus subject to trade-off with other components of life history. An obvious prediction, therefore, is that investment in learning, and thus learning performance, will vary with individual life history strategy and the reproductive value of the learning outcome. We tested this idea in the context of social dominance in male laboratory mice, using a simple radial maze paradigm to compare the ability of high- and low-ranking male mice to track changing food location. We tested animals in randomly selected pairs before and after establishing aggressive rank relationships to distinguish intrinsic differences in learning ability from those attributable to acquiring high or low rank. There was no difference in learning between later dominants and subordinates prior to establishing rank relationships. After pairing, however, dominants showed a significantly greater percentage of correct responses, with the difference being greatest earlier in a sequence of trials. The percentage of correct responses also increased with the amount of aggression initiated during pairing. The results thus appeared to reflect a state-dependent change in learning associated with the aggressive social relationships formed during pairing. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 2075 | |||
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Author | Bast, T.F.; Whitney, E.; Benach, J.L. | ||||
Title | Considerations on the ecology of several arboviruses in eastern Long Island | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1973 | Publication | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 109-115 |
Keywords | Animals; Antibodies, Viral/analysis; Arboviruses/*isolation & purification; Birds; Brain/microbiology; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/veterinary; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insects; Liver/microbiology; Mites; Neutralization Tests; New York; Snakes; Ticks | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0002-9637 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:4684881 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2715 | ||
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Author | Baumgartner, M.; Boisson, T.; Erhard, M.H.; Zeitler-Feicht, M.H. | ||||
Title | Common Feeding Practices Pose A Risk to the Welfare of Horses When Kept on Non-Edible Bedding | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 441 | |
Keywords | horse behaviour; feed intake pause; bedding; welfare indicator; feeding practices; roughage; horse welfare; individual housing system | ||||
Abstract | During the evolution of the horse, an extended period of feed intake, spread over the entire 24-h period, determined the horses� behaviour and physiology. Horses will not interrupt their feed intake for more than 4 h, if they have a choice. The aim of the present study was to investigate in what way restrictive feeding practices (non ad libitum) affect the horses� natural feed intake behaviour. We observed the feed intake behaviour of 104 horses on edible (n = 30) and non-edible bedding (n = 74) on ten different farms. We assessed the duration of the forced nocturnal feed intake interruption of horses housed on shavings when no additional roughage was available. Furthermore, we comparatively examined the feed intake behaviour of horses housed on edible versus non-edible bedding. The daily restrictive feeding of roughage (2 times a day: n = 8; 3 times a day: n = 2), as it is common in individual housing systems, resulted in a nocturnal feed intake interruption of more than 4 hours for the majority (74.32%, 55/74) of the horses on shavings (8:50 ± 1:25 h, median: 8:45 h, minimum: 6:45 h, maximum: 13:23 h). In comparison to horses on straw, horses on shavings paused their feed intake less frequently and at a later latency. Furthermore, they spent less time on consuming the evening meal than horses on straw. Our results of the comparison of the feed-intake behaviour of horses on edible and non-edible bedding show that the horses� ethological feeding needs are not satisfied on non-edible bedding. If the horses accelerate their feed intake (also defined as �rebound effect�), this might indicate that the horses� welfare is compromised. We conclude that in addition to the body condition score, the longest duration of feed intake interruption (usually in the night) is an important welfare indicator of horses that have limited access to roughage. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Animals | ||
Series Volume | 10 | Series Issue | 3 | Edition | |
ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6647 | ||
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Author | Beck, B.B. | ||||
Title | Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Human Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-17 |
Keywords | herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation | ||||
Abstract | Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning. Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use. Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4414 | ||
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