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| Author | Dougherty, D.M.; Lewis, P. | ||||
| Title | Generalization of a tactile stimulus in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 3 | Pages  |
521-528 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Horses; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Touch | ||||
| Abstract | Using horses, we investigated the control of operant behavior by a tactile stimulus (the training stimulus) and the generalization of behavior to six other similar test stimuli. In a stall, the experimenters mounted a response panel in the doorway. Located on this panel were a response lever and a grain dispenser. The experimenters secured a tactile-stimulus belt to the horse's back. The stimulus belt was constructed by mounting seven solenoids along a piece of burlap in a manner that allowed each to provide the delivery of a tactile stimulus, a repetitive light tapping, at different locations (spaced 10.0 cm apart) along the horse's back. Two preliminary steps were necessary before generalization testing: training a measurable response (lip pressing) and training on several reinforcement schedules in the presence of a training stimulus (tapping by one of the solenoids). We then gave each horse two generalization test sessions. Results indicated that the horses' behavior was effectively controlled by the training stimulus. Horses made the greatest number of responses to the training stimulus, and the tendency to respond to the other test stimuli diminished as the stimuli became farther away from the training stimulus. These findings are discussed in the context of behavioral principles and their relevance to the training of horses. | ||||
| Address | Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8315368 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3571 | ||
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| Author | Visser, E.K.; Ellis, A.D.; Van Reenen, C.G. | ||||
| Title | The effect of two different housing conditions on the welfare of young horses stabled for the first time | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
521-533 |
| Keywords | Horse; Welfare; Stabling; Housing; HPA axis; Novel Object test | ||||
| Abstract | The effect of stabling for the first time on the behaviour and welfare of young and naïve horses has not yet been studied in detail. In this study we examined the effect of two typical housing systems on their subsequent behavioural and physiological responses upon first time stabling. Thirty-six 2-year-old Dutch warmbloods, 18 geldings and 18 mares were included in the study. Half of the horses were stabled in individual stables (10.5m2) and the other half in pair housing (48m2 for two horses). The study lasted 12 weeks. At the end of the study the physiological and temperamental responses of the horses on the different treatments was tested using a CRF challenge test (to test the HPA-axis function) and a Novel Object test (to test temperamental differences) respectively. Especially in the first week after stabling pair housed horses spent more time eating whereas individually housed horses spent more time either standing vigilant or sleeping. Stress-related behaviours like neighing, pawing, nibbling and snorting were all displayed significantly more frequently in the individually housed horses (P<0.01). At the end of the study 67% of the individually housed horses was seen performing one or more stereotypies (P<0.01). The cortisol response and ACTH response on the CRF challenge test were lower for horses in the individually housed boxes. It is suggested that this depression in socially isolated animals is caused by a desensitisation of the HPA axis in response to stress-induced elevations in ACTH and cortisol. In general there was no effect of the treatment on the reactivity of the horses during the Novel Object test. However, there were significant relations between the responses of horses in the Novel Object test and in the stable environment. It is concluded that sudden isolated stabling is stressful to young and naïve horses, resulting in a high prevalence of stereotypies and abnormal behaviours. This study also provided some support for the notion that social stress in horses may be associated with a blunted adrenocortical response to CRF challenge. The finding that responses of horses to a behavioural test are correlated with home environment behaviours suggests that individual horses exhibit consistent behavioural traits across different contexts, and opens the possibility of using behavioural tests in horses to predict more general underlying behavioural characteristics. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6630 | ||
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| Author | Abbruzzetti, S.; Viappiani, C.; Sinibaldi, F.; Santucci, R. | ||||
| Title | Kinetics of histidine dissociation from the heme Fe(III) in N-fragment (residues 1-56) of cytochrome c | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Protein Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Protein J |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 8 | Pages |
519-527 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cytochromes c/*chemistry; Enzyme Activation; Histidine/*chemistry; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lasers; Ligands; Peptide Mapping; Photolysis; Spectrophotometry | ||||
| Abstract | We have here investigated the dissociation kinetics of the His side chains axially ligated to the heme-iron in the ferric (1-56 residues) N-fragment of horse cyt c. The ligand deligation induced by acidic pH-jump occurs as a biexponential process with different pre-exponential factors, consistent with a structural heterogeneity in solution and the presence of two differently coordinated species. In analogy with GuHCl-denatured cyt c, our data indicate the presence in solution of two ferric forms of the N-fragment characterized by bis-His coordination, as summarized in the following scheme: His18-Fe(III)-His26 <==> His18-Fe(III)-His33. We have found that the pre-exponential factors depend on the extent of the pH-jump. This may be correlated with the different pKa values shown by His26 and His33; due to steric factors, His26 binds to the heme-Fe(III) less strongly than His33, as recently shown by studies on denatured cyt c. Interestingly, the two lifetimes are affected by temperature but not by the extent of the pH-jump. The lower pKa for the deligation reaction required the use of an improved laser pH-jump setup, capable of inducing changes in H+ concentration as large as 1 mM after the end of the laser pulse. For the ferric N-fragment, close activation entropy values have been determined for the two histidines coordinated to the iron; this result significantly differs from that for GuHCl-denatured cyt c, where largely different values of activation entropy were calculated. This underlines the role played by the missing segment (residues 57-104) peptide chain in discriminating deligation of the “nonnative” His from the sixth coordination position of the metal. | ||||
| Address | Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A 43100 Parma, Italy | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1572-3887 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15648974 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3770 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | The Rider's Impacts and Their Timers – Example: Rider's Aids for Transitions Between Different Gaits. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Tierärztliche Umschau | Abbreviated Journal | Tierärztl. Umschau |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages |
515-532 | |
| Keywords | Animal-friendly rider-horse communication – signals for changing the footfall – knee-jerk impacts in the single “fitting” moment – singular timer for those – immediate “obedience” | ||||
| Abstract | The scientific investigation of the basics of the inherited riding teachings assists in conserving its values. Riding instructors should be able to teach not only “how” but also “why”. The classic European riding teachings that have developed across the centuries are based on perceptions that have their roots in natural phenomena. They are being mirrored, for instance, in the aids to stimulate the change from one gait to the next. The movements of the horse's trunk and back provide timers for horse-friendly, sensitive aids that create attentive, diligent and happily cooperating horses. |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 434 | ||
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| Author | Dabareiner, R.M.; Sullins, K.E.; White, N.A. 2nd | ||||
| Title | Progression of femoropatellar osteochondrosis in nine young horses. Clinical, radiographic and arthroscopic findings | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Veterinary Surgery : VS : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Surg |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 6 | Pages |
515-523 |
| Keywords | Animals; Arthroscopy/veterinary; Debridement/veterinary; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Femur; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/radiography/surgery; Horses; Lameness, Animal/*etiology; Male; Osteochondritis/diagnosis/radiography/surgery/*veterinary; Patella; Stifle; Treatment Outcome | ||||
| Abstract | The clinical and radiographic progression, and arthroscopic findings for nine young horses (< 1 year of age) with femoropatellar osteochondrosis (OCD) are presented. Horses had a 2 to 12 week history of bilateral (8 horses) or unilateral (1 horse) hindlimb lameness. The most consistent clinical signs included femoropatellar joint distention and bilateral hindlimb lameness. At the onset of clinical signs, radiographic lesions were not present (4 horses) or subtle (5 horses), but were easily identified on radiographs taken 4 to 24 weeks later. Arthroscopic surgery was delayed until radiographic changes became obvious. Surgical findings in 20 femoropatellar joints were most commonly osteochondral “flaps” located on the proximal lateral trochlear ridge of the femur and were larger than had been indicated by the radiographs. Eight horses were being used for their intended purpose, which was racing (3 horses were racing and 3 were in race training), dressage (1 horse) or pleasure riding (1 horse). One horse required a second surgery when similar lesions developed on the opposite stifle, and was euthanatized 2 months later because of persistent lameness. One clinical signs are observed, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal femur can progress in foals younger than 9 months of age and the full extent of the radiographic lesion may take several weeks to develop. | ||||
| Address | Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, Virginia | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0161-3499 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8116209 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3748 | ||
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| Author | Weik, H.; Altmann, J. | ||||
| Title | The effect of L(+)-lactate on rat and horse adipose tissue in vitro | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1972 | Publication | Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A | Abbreviated Journal | Zentralbl Veterinarmed A |
| Volume | 19 | Issue | 6 | Pages |
514-518 |
| Keywords | Adipose Tissue/analysis/*drug effects; Animals; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycerol/metabolism; Horses; Lactates/*pharmacology; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Rats | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0514-7158 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4626300 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 132 | ||
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| Author | Parkin, T.D.H.; Clegg, P.D.; French, N.P.; Proudman, C.J.; Riggs, C.M.; Singer, E.R.; Webbon, P.M.; Morgan, K.L. | ||||
| Title | Horse-level risk factors for fatal distal limb fracture in racing Thoroughbreds in the UK | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | 6 | Pages |
513-519 |
| Keywords | Animals; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary; Great Britain/epidemiology; Horses/*injuries; Logistic Models; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*adverse effects/mortality; Questionnaires; Radius Fractures/epidemiology/mortality/veterinary; Risk Factors; Survival Analysis; Tibial Fractures/epidemiology/mortality/veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Fractures below the level of the radius or tibia (distal limb fractures) are the most common cause of equine fatality on UK racecourses; however, little is known about their epidemiology or aetiology. Identification of risk factors could enable intervention strategies to be designed to reduce the number of fatalities. OBJECTIVES: To identify horse-level risk factors for fatal distal limb fracture in Thoroughbreds on UK racecourses. METHODS: A case-control study design was used. Fractures in case horses were confirmed by post mortem examination and 3 matched uninjured controls were selected from the race in which the case horse was running. One hundred and nine cases were included and information was collected about previous racing history, horse characteristics and training schedules. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between a number of independent variables and the likelihood of fracture. RESULTS: Horses doing no gallop work during training and those in their first year of racing were at significantly increased risk of fracture on the racecourse. Case horses were also more likely to have trained on a sand gallop, i.e. a gallop described by trainers as being primarily composed of sand. CONCLUSIONS: Modifications to training schedules, specifically within the first year of racing, may have a large impact on the risk of fatal distal limb fracture on the racecourse. Horses should do some gallop work in training and our results suggest that the minimum distance galloped should be between 805-2012 m (4-10 furlongs)/week. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The information from this study can be used to alter training schedules in an attempt to reduce the incidence of fatal distal limb fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses. Training should include some gallop work, and further studies, recording the exact level of work, will help to identify an optimum range of training speeds and distances which will reduce the liklihood of catastrophic fracture on the racecourse. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15460076 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3660 | ||
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| Author | Dallmeyer, M.D.; Turner, R.M.; McDonnell, S.M.; Sertich, P.L.; Dolente, B.A.; Parente, E.J.; Diaz, O.M.S. | ||||
| Title | Theriogenology question of the month. Behavior problems in a stallion caused by a nephrolith | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 229 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
511-513 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/physiopathology/surgery/*ultrasonography; Horses/*physiology; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/surgery/ultrasonography/*veterinary; Male; Sperm Count/*veterinary; *Sperm Motility; Treatment Outcome | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | American College of Theriogenologists | Thesis | |||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16910847 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1865 | |||
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| Author | Christensen, J.W.; Zharkikh, T.; Ladewig, J. | ||||
| Title | Do horses generalise between objects during habituation? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages |
509-520 |
| Keywords | Horse; Stimulus generalisation; Habituation; Fear | ||||
| Abstract | Habituation to frightening stimuli plays an important role in horse training. To investigate the extent to which horses generalise between different visual objects, 2-year-old stallions were habituated to feeding from a container placed inside a test arena and assigned as TEST (n=12) or REFERENCE horses (n=12). In Experiment 1, TEST horses were habituated to six objects (ball, barrel, board, box, cone, cylinder) presented in sequence in a balanced order. The objects were of similar size but different colour. Each object was placed 0.5m in front of the feed container, forcing the horses to pass the object to get to the food. TEST horses received as many 2min exposures to each object as required to meet a habituation criterion. We recorded behavioural reactions to the object, latency to feed, total eating time, and heart rate (HR) during all exposures. There was no significant decrease in initial responses towards a novel object with increasing object number, indicating that habituation was stimulus-specific. REFERENCE horses were exposed to the test arena without objects in the same period, and reactions of TEST and REFERENCE horses were subsequently compared in a fear-test (2m2.5m rubber mat placed under the feed container, forcing the horses to step on the mat to get food). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups, i.e. previous habituation of TEST horses to six visual objects did not reduce responses in a fear-test involving visual and tactile stimulation. Due to the lack of generalisation in Experiment 1, we designed a supplemental experiment (Experiment 2), in which REFERENCE horses were exposed to the same six objects except that object colour was kept constant. We found a significant reduction in response (behaviour and HR) with increasing object number, indicating that horses generalise between similarly coloured objects of varying shape. We conclude that a high degree of object similarity, e.g. identical colouring, appears to be crucial for object generalisation in horses. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4756 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Techniques for taking a behavioral history | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
507-518 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cooperative Behavior; *Horses; Maternal Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | A thorough behavioral history is essential for adequate assessment of a given case. In reviewing the chief complaint, a description of what actually happened, rather than the owner's interpretation of what happened, is required. Other behavior problems, environment, rearing history, and training need to be reviewed. Sample question sets for some common problems are given. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0749-0739 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:3492242 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 50 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||