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Author |
Scott, L.D. |
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Title |
Living donor liver transplant--is the horse already out of the barn? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Gastroenterology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Gastroenterol |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
686-688 |
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Keywords |
Guidelines; Humans; Informed Consent; Liver Transplantation/*ethics; Living Donors/*ethics; Patient Selection; Risk Factors; Tissue and Organ Harvesting; Truth Disclosure |
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Abstract |
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Address |
Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA |
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Language |
English |
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ISSN |
0002-9270 |
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Notes |
PMID:16635214 |
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Serial |
1874 |
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Author |
Zeitler-Feicht, M.H. |
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Title |
[Critical consideration of the “Guideline for the Evaluation of Raising Horses” and keeping horses outside in the winter] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
120-123 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed/standards; Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/methods/*standards; *Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence; Animals; Cold; Female; Germany; Guidelines/*standards; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Legislation, Veterinary; Male; Seasons |
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Abstract |
The guidelines of the Federal Ministry of User Protection, Nutrition and Agriculture (BMVEL) regarding “horse keeping with respect to animal welfare” are from 1995 (BMELF, 1995). Therefore, they are not suitable for modern horse keeping. The Veterinary Association for Animal Welfare (TVT) held it to be necessary to rework the guide-lines in light of 1) many subsequent investigations concerning horse keeping, and 2) the species-specific needs of horses in practice. Each chapter of the BMELF (1995) guide-lines was revised such that the literature and practical experiences were updated. Several chapters (recumbency resting behaviour, fences, underground outdoor and in stables, litter) were added in the position paper of the TVT to reflect the increasing use of boxes with paddocks, loose housing systems with open yards, pasture and winter yards as housing conditions. Keeping horses outdoors permanently during winter is possible because horses have very good thermoregulatory capabilities so that they are able to adapt themselves to cold conditions. However, in light of animal welfare, the holding system must include adequate shelter (natural or artificial). Shelters should protect against wetness, heat, cold and wind, and must be sufficiently large and high, with a dry and clean underground. In keeping horses outdoors permanently, the paths to the feeding and watering areas and to the shelter must be dry. The food must also be protected against mould and soiling. Keeping horses permanently without adequate shelter or in deep marsh without any dry places is against the Animal Protection Act. |
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Address |
Lehrgebiet fur Tierhaltung und Verhaltenskunde, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fur Ernahrung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universitat Munchen. Zeitler-Feicht@tz.agrar.tu-muenchen.de |
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Language |
German |
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Original Title |
Kritische Betrachtung der “Leitlinien zur Beurteilung von Pferdehaltungen” und Winteraussenhaltung von Pferden |
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ISSN |
0341-6593 |
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Notes |
PMID:15195962 |
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Serial |
1900 |
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