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	Author	Sarova, R.; Spinka, M.; Panama, J.L.A.
	Title	Synchronization and leadership in switches between resting and activity in a beef cattle herd--A case study			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	108	Issue	3-4	Pages	327-331
	Keywords	Beef cattle; Activity synchronization; Leadership; Dominance
	Abstract	The mechanisms of activity synchronization in group living ungulates are not well understood. In a case study on herd of 15 Gasconne beef cows with calves observed during a total of 25 summer daylight periods in 2004 and 2005, we examined whether cows similar to each other in body weight or in reproductive status were more synchronized and whether the timing of activity switches were determined by specific leading animals. We calculated the synchronization of all possible pairs of cows in the herd and tested the effects of similarity in body weight and in reproductive status (lactating versus non-lactating) on synchronization in the pair. Further, we assessed whether any specific individuals, and especially the dominant cows, were more able, through their own activity switch, to incite another cow to follow shortly with her switch in activity. We found that body weight differences had a negative influence on pair synchronization (GLMM, F1,65 = 6.79; p < 0.05), but reproductive status did not affect the synchronization. Cows' individual identity explained only a small proportion (<2%) of variability in intervals between switches of subsequent cows. Furthermore, dominance status of an individual cow did not correlate with mean interval between her activity switches and activity switches of the next cow (lying down: Spearman correlation, rs = -0.16, n = 14, p > 0.10; standing up: Spearman correlation, rs = -0.38, n = 14, p > 0.10), indicating that there were no leading animals initiating switches in activity in our herd.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2025
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	Author	Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T.
	Title	From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Biol
	Volume	16	Issue	21	Pages	2123-2128
	Keywords	Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/physiology; Decision Making; Flight, Animal; Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; Social Behavior; *Social Dominance
	Abstract	Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and .
	Address	Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Englisch	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17084696			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2026
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	Author	Chaudhuri, M.; Ginsberg, J.R.
	Title	*Urinary androgen concentrations and social status in two species of free ranging zebra (Equus burchelli* and E. grevyi).**			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Journal of Reproduction and Fertility	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fert
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages	127-133
	Keywords	zebra; testosterone; androgens; territoriality; social behaviour; dominance
	Abstract	In both species of zebra, breeding males had higher urinary androgen concentrations (ng androgens/mg Cr) than did non-breeding bachelor males (30.0 +/- 5.0 (N = 9) versus 11.4 +/- 2.8, (N = 7) in the plains zebra; 19.0 +/- 2.2 (N = 17) versus 10.7 +/- 1.2 (N = 14) in the Grevy's zebra). In the more stable family structure of the plains zebra (single male non-territorial groups) variations in androgen concentrations could not be ascribed to any measured variable. In the Grevy's zebra, androgen values were significantly lower in samples taken from territorial (breeding) males which had temporarily abandoned their territories (N = 4) and the urinary androgen concentration for a male on his territory was negatively correlated with the time since females last visited the territory.
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	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	987
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	Author	Giles, N.; Tupper, J.
	Title	Equine interspecies aggression			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	The Veterinary record	Abbreviated Journal	Vet. Rec.
	Volume	159	Issue	22	Pages	756
	Keywords	Aggression/physiology; Animals; Horses/physiology; Sheep/*physiology; Social Dominance
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0042-4900	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:17127768			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1779
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	Author	Kimura, R.
	Title	Mutual grooming and preferred associate relationships in a band of free-ranging horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	59	Issue	4	Pages	265-276
	Keywords	Horses; Grooming; Dominance entropy
	Abstract	Preferred associate (nearest neighbour) and mutual grooming relationships among mares, in an isolated family band of free-ranging horses (Equus caballus), were studied, and the structural and functional differences between these two relationships were examined. The frequent partners accompanying the mare were not the same in both these relationships (p<0.05) and mares changed their partners during the study period between 1988-1990. Individual horses of similar rank tended to remain closer together in both winter and summer. Aggressive-submissive behaviour was so infrequent during spring that rank determinations could not be made; however, in fall, although rank could be determined, rank was not correlated with nearest neighbour. Three subgroups, based on preferred associate relationships in summer, fall and winter, directly reflected the age and social rank of the mares in the group. Individual horses of higher rank tended to have many partners in winter, while individuals of lower rank had fewer. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of mutual grooming and individual rank. The mutual grooming relationship was strongly influenced by seasonal changes as the relative amount of grazing time per day increased. Thus, the frequency of mutual grooming was lowest in winter and highest in summer. The mutual grooming relationship was based on the bonds between individual horses, which were little influenced by social rank. Lower ranking individuals tended to have a greater variety of grooming partners in summer.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2022
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	Author	Mitman, G.
	Title	Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	J Hist Behav Sci
	Volume	26	Issue	1	Pages	3-16
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; Leadership; Political Systems; Social Dominance; United States
	Abstract	During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research.
	Address	University of Wisconsin
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-5061	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:2405050			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2044
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	Author	Dunbar, R.I.; Dunbar, E.P.
	Title	Contrasts in social structure among black-and-white colobus monkey groups			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	24	Issue	1	Pages	84-92
	Keywords	Agonistic Behavior; Animals; Colobus; Copulation; Female; Haplorhini; Hierarchy, Social; Male; Social Dominance
	Abstract	Three types of Colobus guereza groups may be distinguished on the bases of size and composition, namely small one-male groups, large, one-male groups and multi-male groups. The social structure of each type of group is described in terms of the distribution of non-agonistic interactions, the frequency and distribution of agonistic behaviour and the organization of the roles of vigilance, territorial defence and leadership. A number of differences are found between the group types which appear to be related to the differences in group size and composition. It is suggested that these group types represent stages in the life-cycle of colobus groups, and that such an interpretation may help to resolve some of the conflicting reports in the literature.
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3472	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:817624			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2049
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	Author	Saayman, G.S.
	Title	Behaviour of the adult males in a troop of free-ranging Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1971	Publication	Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Folia Primatol (Basel)
	Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	36-57
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; Leadership; Male; Papio; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance
	Abstract
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0015-5713	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	PMID:5003339			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2053
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	Author	Cloutier, S.; Newberry, R.C.; Honda, K.
	Title	Comparison of social ranks based on worm-running and aggressive behaviour in young domestic fowl			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	65	Issue	1	Pages	79-86
	Keywords	Aggression; Social behaviour; Dominance; Play; Chickens; Animal welfare
	Abstract	Worm-running is behaviour in which a chick runs carrying a worm-like object while flock mates follow and attempt to grab the object from its beak. We hypothesised that social ranks based on worm-running frequency are stable over time and are positively correlated with social ranks based on success in aggressive interactions when older. At 8-12 days of age, we scored worm-running in 17 groups of 12 female White Leghorn chicks during three 10-min tests. Based on instantaneous scans at 5-s intervals, the bird carrying the `worm' most often was placed in rank one and so on down the rank order. These tests were repeated at 68-70 days of age. An aggression index for each bird was calculated as the number of aggressive acts given, divided by the number given and received, during three 1-h observation periods when the birds were 68-70 days. Ranks obtained in worm-running tests were positively correlated over the two age periods (P<0.05) but were not correlated with ranks based on the aggression index (P>0.05). Our results indicate that worm-running ranks are not predictive of success in aggressive interactions. Instead, worm-running fits some criteria for play.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2090
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	Author	Puppe, B.; Langbein, J.; Bauer, J.; Hoy, S.
	Title	A comparative view on social hierarchy formation at different stages of pig production using sociometric measures			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Livestock Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	113	Issue	2-3	Pages	155-162
	Keywords	Pig; Dominance; Sociometric measures; Social hierarchy; Ontogeny
	Abstract	A standardised and comprehensive approach to describe dominance relationships in gregarious farm animals quantitatively was recently developed, incorporating a combination of appropriate sociometric measures. The present study applied this approach to a comparative analysis of the social hierarchies within 57 groups of domestic pigs at different age/production stages with a total of 496 animals. Unacquainted pigs were grouped to three age categories which correspond to the typical production stages: weaned pigs (PIG28, 12 groups), growing pigs (PIG80, 16 groups), and reproductive sows (SOW, 29 groups). Based on observed agonistic interactions, sociometric values were calculated both at the dyadic and at the group level and may be considered as preliminary reference values for further studies. As indicated by the respective values of the Kendall index (PIG28: 0.66, tested as significant in 69.0% of the observed groups; PIG80: 0.71, 87.5%; SOW: 0.61, 69.0%), and the improved Landau index (PIG28: 0.70, 75.0%; PIG80: 0.72, 93.7%; SOW: 0.71, 72.4%), a social organisation towards a quasi-linear social hierarchy was predominantly developed throughout all age/production categories. However, compared to weaned and growing pigs, sows were characterised by significant differences concerning establishment (fewer agonistic interactions) and kind (more unknown dyads, fewer two-way and significant dyads, higher directional consistency index) of their social hierarchy. It seems that sows have effectively adapted their agonistic behaviour towards pen-mates to regulate social dominance relationships, whereas younger pigs frequently display agonistic interactions also to gain additional experience on social cues (e.g. the fighting ability of an opponent). Hence, it is concluded that the effective experience of socialisation during sensitive periods may increase the social skills of pigs which in turn can improve their welfare and health, e.g. by adjusted aggressive behaviour. The consideration of comparable and standardised sociometric measures in livestock breeding may help to improve husbandry conditions.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2139
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