Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

	Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	11-20 of 31 records found matching your query:

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 >>

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Shanahan, S.
	Title	Trailer loading stress in horses: behavioral and physiological effects of nonaversive training (TTEAM)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Anim Welf Sci
	Volume	6	Issue	4	Pages	263-274
	Keywords	Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Escape Reaction; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/psychology; Hydrocortisone/metabolism; Male; Saliva/metabolism; Stress/metabolism/prevention & control/veterinary; *Transportation
	Abstract	Resistance in the horse to trailer loading is a common source of stress and injury to horses and their handlers. The objective of this study was to determine whether nonaversive training based on the Tellington-Touch Equine Awareness Method (TTEAM; Tellington-Jones &Bruns, 1988) would decrease loading time and reduce stress during loading for horses with a history of reluctance to load. Ten horses described by their owners as “problem loaders” were subjected to pretraining and posttraining assessments of loading. Each assessment involved two 7-min loading attempts during which heart rate and saliva cortisol were measured. The training consisted of six 30-min sessions over a 2-week period during which the horse and owner participated in basic leading exercises with obstacles simulating aspects of trailering. Assessment showed heart rate and saliva cortisol increased significantly during loading as compared to baseline (p <.001 and p <.05, respectively). Reassessment after training showed a decrease in loading time (p <.02), reduced heart rate during loading (p <.002), and reduced saliva cortisol as compared to pretraining assessments. Seven “good loaders” also were subject to loading assessment for physiological comparison. Increases in heart rate during loading were significantly higher in the good loaders (p <.001). Nonaversive training simulating aspects of loading may effectively reduce loading time and stress during loading for horses with a history of resistance to trailer loading.
	Address	shanahandvm@yahoo.ca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1088-8705	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14965781			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1903
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ferguson, D.L.; Rosales-Ruiz, J.
	Title	Loading the problem loader: the effects of target training and shaping on trailer-loading behavior of horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Behav Anal
	Volume	34	Issue	4	Pages	409-423
	Keywords	Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Escape Reaction; Female; Horses/psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Transportation
	Abstract	The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for trailer loading horses based on principles of positive reinforcement. Target training and shaping were used to teach trailer-loading behavior to 5 quarter horse mares in a natural setting. All 5 had been trailer loaded before through the use of aversive stimulation. Successive approximations to loading and inappropriate behaviors were the dependent variables. After training a horse to approach a target, the target was moved to various locations inside the trailer. Horses started training on the left side of a two-horse trailer. After a horse was loading on the left side, she was moved to the right side, then to loading half on the right and half on the left. A limited-hold procedure and the presence of a companion horse seemed to facilitate training for 1 horse. Inappropriate behaviors fell to zero immediately after target training, and all the horses successfully completed the shaping sequence. Finally, these effects were observed to generalize to novel conditions (a different trainer and a different trailer).
	Address	University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8855	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11800182			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1915
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Shapiro, A.D.; Janik, V.M.; Slater, P.J.B.
	Title	*A gray seal's (Halichoerus grypus) responses to experimenter-given pointing and directional cues*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Psychol
	Volume	117	Issue	4	Pages	355-362
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Cues; Eye Movements/physiology; Female; Seals, Earless
	Abstract	A gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) was trained to touch a target on its left or right by responding to pointing signals. The authors then tested whether the seal would be able to generalize spontaneously to altered signals. It responded correctly to center pointing and head turning, center upper body turning, and off-center pointing but not to head turning and eye movements alone. The seal also responded correctly to brief ipsilateral and contralateral points from center and lateral positions. Pointing gestures did not cause the seal to select an object placed centrally behind it. Like many animals in similar studies, this gray seal probably did not understand the referential character of these gestures but rather used signal generalization and experience from initial operant conditioning to solve these tasks.
	Address	School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C. : 1983	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7036	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14717636			Approved	yes
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4977
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Support for a theory of memory for event duration must distinguish between test-trial ambiguity and actual memory loss			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Anal Behav
	Volume	72	Issue	3	Pages	467-472
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Memory/physiology; Psychological Theory; Time Factors; Time Perception/physiology
	Abstract	Staddon and Higa's (1999) trace-strength theory of timing and memory for event duration can account for pigeons' bias to “choose short” when retention intervals are introduced and to “choose long” when, following training with a fixed retention interval, retention intervals are shortened. However, it does not account for the failure of pigeons to choose short when the intertrial interval is distinct from the retention interval. That finding suggests that stimulus generalization (or ambiguity) between the intertrial interval and the retention interval may result in an effect that has been attributed to memory loss. Such artifacts must be eliminated before a theory of memory for event duration can be adequately tested.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-5002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10605105			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	251
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Nevin, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J.
	Title	An analysis of contrast effects in multiple schedules			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1966	Publication	Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Anal Behav
	Volume	9	Issue	4	Pages	305-315
	Keywords	Animals; Birds; Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Extinction, Psychological; Male; Reaction Time; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-5002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:5961499			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	392
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Biederman, G.B.; Robertson, H.A.; Vanayan, M.
	Title	Observational learning of two visual discriminations by pigeons: a within-subjects design			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Anal Behav
	Volume	46	Issue	1	Pages	45-49
	Keywords	Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; Discrimination Learning; Imitative Behavior; Male; Visual Perception
	Abstract	Pigeon's observational learning of successive visual discrimination was studied using within-subject comparisons of data from three experimental conditions. Two pairs of discriminative stimuli were used; each bird was exposed to two of the three experimental conditions, with different pairs of stimuli used in a given bird's two conditions. In one condition, observers were exposed to visual discriminative stimuli only. In a second condition, subjects were exposed to a randomly alternating sequence of two stimuli where the one that would subsequently be used as S+ was paired with the operation of the grain magazine. In a third experimental condition, subjects were exposed to the performance of a conspecific in the operant discrimination procedure. After exposures to conspecific performances, there was facilitation of discriminative learning, relative to that which followed exposures to stimulus and reinforcement sequences or exposures to stimulus sequences alone. Exposure to stimulus and food-delivery sequences enhanced performance relative to exposure to stimulus sequences alone. The differential effects of these three types of exposure were not attributable to order effects or to task difficulty; rather, they clearly were due to the type of exposure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-5002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3746187			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	853
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dougherty, D.M.; Lewis, P.
	Title	Stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Anal Behav
	Volume	56	Issue	1	Pages	97-104
	Keywords	Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Female; Generalization, Stimulus; Horses/psychology; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Size Perception
	Abstract	Using horses, we investigated three aspects of the stimulus control of lever-pressing behavior: stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift. Nine solid black circles, ranging in size from 0.5 in. to 4.5 in. (1.3 cm to 11.4 cm) served as stimuli. Each horse was shaped, using successive approximations, to press a rat lever with its lip in the presence of a positive stimulus, the 2.5-in. (6.4-cm) circle. Shaping proceeded quickly and was comparable to that of other laboratory organisms. After responding was maintained on a variable-interval 30-s schedule, stimulus generalization gradients were collected from 2 horses prior to discrimination training. During discrimination training, grain followed lever presses in the presence of a positive stimulus (a 2.5-in circle) and never followed lever presses in the presence of a negative stimulus (a 1.5-in. [3.8-cm] circle). Three horses met a criterion of zero responses to the negative stimulus in fewer than 15 sessions. Horses given stimulus generalization testing prior to discrimination training produced symmetrical gradients; horses given discrimination training prior to generalization testing produced asymmetrical gradients. The peak of these gradients shifted away from the negative stimulus. These results are consistent with discrimination, stimulus generalization, and peak-shift phenomena observed in other organisms.
	Address	Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens 45701
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-5002	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1940765			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1764
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R.; Neiman, E.
	Title	Timing in pigeons: effects of the similarity between intertrial interval and gap in a timing signal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	28	Issue	4	Pages	416-422
	Keywords	Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Mental Recall; Probability Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule; Retention (Psychology); Time Factors; *Time Perception/physiology
	Abstract	Previous research suggests that when a fixed interval is interrupted (known as the gap procedure), pigeons tend to reset memory and start timing from 0 after the gap. However, because the ambient conditions of the gap typically have been the same as during the intertrial interval (ITI), ambiguity may have resulted. In the present experiment, the authors found that when ambient conditions during the gap were similar to the ITI, pigeons tended to reset memory, but when ambient conditions during the gap were different from the ITI, pigeons tended to stop timing, retain the duration of the stimulus in memory, and add to that time when the stimulus reappeared. Thus, when the gap was unambiguous, pigeons timed accurately.
	Address	Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA. kaiserd@mail.ecu.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12395499			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	238
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zentall, T.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Clement, T.S.; Weaver, J.E.; Campbell, G.
	Title	Presence/absence-sample matching by pigeons: divergent retention functions may result from the similarity of behavior during the absence sample and the retention interval			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	26	Issue	3	Pages	294-304
	Keywords	Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues
	Abstract	Divergent choose-absence retention functions typically found in pigeons following presence/absence-sample matching have been attributed to the development of a single-code/default coding strategy. However, such effects may result from adventitious differential responding to the samples. In Experiment 1, retention functions were divergent only when differential sample responding could serve as the basis for comparison choice. In Experiment 2, when pecking did not occur during the retention interval, a choose-absence bias was found, but when pecking occurred during the retention interval, a choose-presence bias resulted. In Experiment 3, positive transfer was found when a stimulus associated with the absence of pecking replaced the absence sample but not when a stimulus associated with pecking replaced the presence sample. Thus, presence/absence-sample matching may not encourage the development of a single-code/default coding strategy in pigeons.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10913994			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	247
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Miller, N.Y.; Shettleworth, S.J.
	Title	What-where-when memory in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	32	Issue	4	Pages	345-358
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Memory/physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Space Perception/physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology; Teaching; Visual Perception/physiology
	Abstract	The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17044738			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	357
Permanent link to this record

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 >>

Details

CQL Search | Library Search | Show Record | Extract Citations

Help