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Author |
Giangaspero, A.; Traversa, D.; Otranto, D. |
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Title |
[Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Parassitologia |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
257-259 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle/parasitology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission; Disease Transmission, Horizontal; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Dogs/parasitology; Ecosystem; Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Italy/epidemiology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Thelazioidea/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. Bovine thelaziosis is caused by Thelazia rhodesi Desmarest 1828, Thelazia gulosa Railliet & Henry 1910, and Thelazia skrjabini Erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the New World, while T. rhodesi is particularly common in the Old World. In Italy, T. rhodesi was reported in southern regions a long time ago and, recently, T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been identified in autochthonous cattle first in Apulia and then in Sardinia. Thirteen species of Musca are listed as intermediate hosts of eyeworms, but only Musca autumnalis and Musca larvipara have been demonstrated to act as vectors of Thelazia in the ex-URSS, North America, ex-Czechoslovakia and more recently in Sweden. In Italy, after the reports of T. gulosa and T. skrjabini in southern regions, the intermediate hosts of bovine eyeworms were initially only suspected as the predominant secretophagous Muscidae collected from the periocular region of cattle with thelaziosis were the face flies, M. autumnalis and M. larvipara, followed by Musca osiris, Musca tempestiva and Musca domestica. The well-known constraints in the identification of immature eyeworms to species by fly dissection and also the time-consuming techniques used constitute important obstacles to epidemiological field studies (i.e. vector identification and/or role, prevalence and pattern of infection in flies, etc.). Molecular studies have recently permitted to further investigations into this area. A PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS-1 sequence was developed to differentiate the 3 species of Thelazia (i.e. T. gulosa, T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini) found in Italy, then a molecular epidemiological survey has recently been carried out in field conditions throughout five seasons of fly activity and has identified the role of M. autumnalis, M. larvipara, M. osiris and M. domestica as vectors of T. gulosa and of M. autumnalis and M. larvipara of T. rhodesi. Moreover, M. osiris was described, for the first time, to act as a vector of T. gulosa and M. larvipara of T. gulosa and T. rhodesi. The mean prevalence in the fly population examined was found to be 2.86%. The molecular techniques have opened new perspectives for further research on the ecology and epidemiology not only of Thelazia in cattle but also of other autochthonous species of Thelazia which have been also recorded in Italy, such as Thelazia callipaeda, which is responsible for human and canid ocular infection and Thelazia lacrymalis, the horse eyeworm whose epidemiological molecular studies are in progress. |
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Dipartimento PR.I.M.E., Universita degli Studi di Foggia |
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Language |
Italian |
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Original Title |
Ecologia di Thelazia spp. e dei vettori in Italia |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-2951 |
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Notes |
PMID:15305729 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2633 |
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Author |
Dvoinos, G.M.; Kharchenko, V.A.; Zviagnitsova, N.S. |
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Title |
The characteristics of the helminth community in the Turkmen kulan (Equus hemionus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
246-251 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis, Animal; Helminths/classification/*isolation & purification; Male; Perissodactyla/*parasitology; Turkmenistan; Ukraine |
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Abstract |
The helminth fauna of 24 kulans from Askaniya-Nova and Badkhyz was studied. 42 species of helminths were found, 34 of which belong to strongylids. The helminth species composition of kulan is similar to that of other species of horses. This is a result of an intensive parasite exchange in the historical past when numerous populations of different Equidae species made long seasonal migrations over steppe inter-river lands of Asia and grazed for some time on common pastures. |
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Language |
Russian |
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Original Title |
K kharakteristike soobshchestva gel'mintov turkmenskogo kulana (Equus hemionus) |
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ISSN |
0031-1847 |
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Notes |
PMID:1408368 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2285 |
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Author |
Jansen, T.; Forster, P.; Levine, M.A.; Oelke, H.; Hurles, M.; Renfrew, C.; Weber, J.; Olek, K. |
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Title |
Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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Volume |
99 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
10905-10910 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic/classification/*genetics; Base Sequence; DNA, Complementary; *DNA, Mitochondrial; *Evolution, Molecular; Horses/classification/*genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny |
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Abstract |
The place and date of the domestication of the horse has long been a matter for debate among archaeologists. To determine whether horses were domesticated from one or several ancestral horse populations, we sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop for 318 horses from 25 oriental and European breeds, including American mustangs. Adding these sequences to previously published data, the total comes to 652, the largest currently available database. From these sequences, a phylogenetic network was constructed that showed that most of the 93 different mitochondrial (mt)DNA types grouped into 17 distinct phylogenetic clusters. Several of the clusters correspond to breeds and/or geographic areas, notably cluster A2, which is specific to Przewalski's horses, cluster C1, which is distinctive for northern European ponies, and cluster D1, which is well represented in Iberian and northwest African breeds. A consideration of the horse mtDNA mutation rate together with the archaeological timeframe for domestication requires at least 77 successfully breeding mares recruited from the wild. The extensive genetic diversity of these 77 ancestral mares leads us to conclude that several distinct horse populations were involved in the domestication of the horse. |
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Address |
Biopsytec Analytik GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany. jansen@biopsytec.com |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0027-8424 |
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Notes |
PMID:12130666 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
772 |
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Author |
Macfadden, B.J. |
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Title |
Evolution. Fossil horses--evidence for evolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
307 |
Issue |
5716 |
Pages |
1728-1730 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Size; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diet; *Equidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior; *Fossils; *Horses/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; Paleodontology; Phylogeny; Time; Tooth/anatomy & histology |
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Address |
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. bmacfadd@flmnh.ufl.edu |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:15774746 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1892 |
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Author |
Bertram, D.S. |
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Title |
Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
742-762 |
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Keywords |
Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Antibodies/*analysis; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/veterinary; Belize; Culex; *Culicidae/classification; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria/*epidemiology; Neutralization Tests; Seasons |
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English |
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ISSN |
0035-9203 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4400502 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2732 |
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Author |
Takai, S.; Narita, K.; Ando, K.; Tsubaki, S. |
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Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil on a horse-breeding farm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-177 |
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Keywords |
Actinomycetales/classification/*growth & development; Animals; Corynebacterium/classification/*growth & development; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horses; Serotyping; *Soil Microbiology |
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Abstract |
The ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil was studied on a horse-breeding farm. R. equi was cultured from soil at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm on the six sites of the farm at monthly intervals for 10 months from March to December of 1983. The highest numbers of R. equi were found in the surface soil. The mean number of bacteria in soil samples at every depth increased remarkably from 0 or 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil in the middle of April, and later decreased gradually. R. equi inoculated into six soil exudate broths prepared from surface soils at separate sites yielded suspensions with different optical densities, indicating differences in growth. The distribution of serotypes in the soil was similar to that in the horses on the farm. These findings indicated that R. equi could multiply in the soil and flourish in the cycle existing between horses and their soil environment. |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0378-1135 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3750818 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2683 |
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Author |
Makarov, V.V.; Bakulov, I.A. |
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Title |
[Zoopathogenic arboviruses, their systematics and ecology] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Veterinariia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Veterinariia |
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Volume |
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Issue |
11 |
Pages |
39-41 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arboviruses/*classification/pathogenicity; Cattle; Deer; Ecology; Horses; Insect Vectors; Sheep; Swine; Turkeys; Viruses/*classification/pathogenicity |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Zoopatogennye arbovirusy--sistematika i ekologiia |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0042-4846 |
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Notes |
PMID:814685 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2703 |
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Author |
Beerwerth, W.; Schurmann, J. |
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Title |
[Contribution to the ecology of mycobacteria] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Medizinisch-Hygienische Bakteriologie, Virusforschung und Parasitologie. Originale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Bakteriol [Orig] |
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Volume |
211 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
58-69 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; *Food Microbiology; Germany, West; Horses; Hydroxides; Mycobacterium/classification/*isolation & purification; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification; Oxalates; *Sewage; Sheep; Sodium; *Soil Microbiology; Swine; *Water Microbiology |
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German |
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Original Title |
Zur Okologie der Mykobakterien |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0372-8110 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4989344 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2743 |
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Author |
Satorov, S.S.; Orzuev, M.I. |
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Title |
[Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol |
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Volume |
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Issue |
12 |
Pages |
37-39 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary; Cats; Ecology; Goats; Horses; Perissodactyla; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Staphylococcus/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117. |
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Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Chastota vydeleniia stafilokokkov u domashnykh zhivotnykh i identifikatsiia shtammov |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0372-9311 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3445728 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2676 |
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