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Author |
Swanson, J.C. |
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Title |
Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2744-2751 |
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Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animal Rights/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*growth & development/*physiology; Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Cattle; Chickens; Environment; Reproduction/physiology; Sheep; Swine |
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Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal “feels” when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science. |
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Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:8582867 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2752 |
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Author |
Nocera, J.J.; Forbes, G.J.; Giraldeau, L.-A. |
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Title |
Inadvertent social information in breeding site selection of natal dispersing birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
273 |
Issue |
1584 |
Pages |
349-355 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Breeding; *Environment; Female; Logistic Models; Male; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Several species use the number of young produced as public information (PI) to assess breeding site quality. PI is inaccessible for synchronously breeding birds because nests are empty by the time the young can collect this information. We investigate if location cues are the next best source of inadvertent social information (ISI) used by young prospectors during breeding site choice. We experimentally deployed ISI as decoys and song playbacks of breeding males in suitable and sub-optimal habitats during pre- and post-breeding periods, and monitored territory establishment during the subsequent breeding season for a social, bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and a more solitary species, Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni). The sparrows did not respond to treatments, but bobolinks responded strongly to post-breeding location cues, irrespective of habitat quality. The following year, 17/20 sub-optimal plots to which bobolink males were recruited were defended for at least two weeks, indicating that song heard the previous year could exert a “carry-over attraction” effect on conspecifics the following year. Sixteen recruited males were natal dispersers, as expected when animals have little opportunity to directly sample their natal habitat quality. We suggest that differences in breeding synchronicity may induce an equivalent clinal distribution of ISI use. |
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Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Bag Service #45111, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. j.nocera@unb.ca |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:16543178 |
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Serial |
2129 |
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Author |
Morales, J.L.; Manchado, M.; Vivo, J.; Galisteo, A.M.; Aguera, E.; Miro, F. |
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Title |
Angular kinematic patterns of limbs in elite and riding horses at trot |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
528-533 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Breeding; Extremities/*physiology; Gait/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Joints/*physiology; Male; Video Recording |
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Abstract |
Normal speed videography was used to determine the angular parameters of 28 Spanish Thoroughbreds at trot. Horses were divided into 3 groups: Group UT, comprising 9 animals (provided by the VII National Stud, Cordoba, Spain) which had undergone no specific training programme and which were hand led at the trot; Group T, formed by 19 horses considered to be highly bred and trained, and which were also hand led; and Group RT, comprising the same horses as the latter group but this time trotted by a rider. Each animal was filmed 6 times from the right-hand side, using a Hi8 (25 Hz) video camera. Angular parameters for fore- and hindlimb joints were measured in each stride from computer-grabbed frames and entered into a spreadsheet for calculation; parameters included maximum and minimum angles, range of motion, and angles at landing, lift off and maximum hoof height; the times at which maximum angle, minimum angle, lift off and maximum hoof height occurred were calculated as percentages of total stride duration. Stride velocity (mean [s.d.]) was 4.01 (0.62), 3.60 (0.34) and 3.07 (0.36) m/s for Groups UT, T and RT, respectively. Data were then compared between Groups UT-T and Groups T-RT. Compared with Group UT, horses from Group T featured a shorter stance percentage (P<0.001) in both fore- and hindlimbs. The range of motion in forelimbs was smaller (P<0.05), due to lower retraction (P<0.001); moreover, maximum retraction appeared earlier (P<0.05). Greater scapular inclination was in evidence (P<0.05) and the shoulder joint extended further (P<0.05). Fore- and hind fetlock joints revealed a relatively shorter hyperextension period during the stance phase (P<0.01). Compared with Group T, horses from Group RT had a longer stance percentage, with belated maximum retraction of the fore- and hindlimbs. The range of movement in scapular inclination was greater (P<0.05), due to a smaller minimum angle (P<0.01), and the shoulder joint flexed more (P<0.05). The elbow joint extended more and for longer during the stance phase. Initial extension of the hip joint (P<0.05) and tarsus (P<0.001) lasted longer. The carpal and fore and hind fetlock joints recorded relatively longer hyperextension times, in addition to greater hyperextension during the stance phase. The results from the present study suggest that rider-effect must be taken in consideration when well gaited horses are selected for dressage purposes. |
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Department of Compared Anatomy and Pathology, University of Cordoba, Veterinary Faculty, Spain |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:9844972 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3734 |
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Author |
McHugh, C.P. |
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Title |
Ecology of a semi-isolated population of adult Anopheles freeborni: abundance, trophic status, parity, survivorship, gonotrophic cycle length, and host selection |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-176 |
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Keywords |
Aging/physiology; Animals; Anopheles/*physiology; Breeding; California; Cattle/parasitology; Dogs/parasitology; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Host-Parasite Relations; Male; Parity; Population Density; Rabbits/parasitology |
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Abstract |
A population of adult Anopheles freeborni near Sheridan, CA was sampled daily during 13 August-7 September 1984. Data on abundance, trophic status, and gonotrophic age were recorded. Abundance and gonotrophic age data were analyzed to estimate daily survivorship and gonotrophic cycle length. Daily survivorship for unfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.72 with a gonotrophic cycle of 6 days duration. Daily survivorship for bloodfed mosquitoes was estimated to be 0.74 with a gonotrophic cycle of 4 days. The 2 day difference in gonotrophic cycles between unfed and bloodfed mosquitoes was the result of the period required for maturation and mating of teneral females. In 1986, an incage release of field-collected females estimated survivorship at 0.75 per day. Precipitin tests of 1,338 blood-engorged mosquito abdomens indicated that bovids, horses, rabbits, and canids comprised 92% of bloodmeals; no bloodmeals of human origin were detected. |
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Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis |
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0002-9637 |
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PMID:2774063 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2673 |
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Author |
Jablonska, E.M.; Ziolkowska, S.M.; Gill, J.; Szykula, R.; Faff, J. |
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Changes in some haematological and metabolic indices in young horses during the first year of jump-training |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
309-311 |
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Keywords |
Alanine Transaminase/blood; Animals; Bicarbonates/blood; Blood Glucose/analysis; Blood Proteins/analysis; Breeding; Carbon Dioxide/blood; Exercise Test/veterinary; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/blood; Hematocrit/veterinary; Hemoglobins/analysis; Horses/*blood/metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates/blood; Male; Oxygen/blood; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Pyruvates/blood |
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Abstract |
Effects of an 18 min exercise test, on three separate occasions during a one year jump-training programme, was studied in seven horses. Determinations were carried out on venous blood for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, total protein, lactate and pyruvate, glucose, free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, blood gases, bicarbonate, pH, aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine amino-transferase. Exercise caused a slight increase in lactate and pyruvate, total protein, aldolase, alanine aminotransferase, pO2, bicarbonate and pH. Glucose, free fatty acids and pCO2 levels decreased. Training caused no significant difference in these changes. However, during the year, increases in lactate and decreases in pH (resting levels) were observed. |
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Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, Warszawa, Poland |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:1915234 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3801 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. |
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Title |
Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
293 |
Issue |
5539 |
Pages |
2446-2449 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain |
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Abstract |
Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. |
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Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:11577235 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
414 |
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Author |
Haring, H. |
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Title |
Development, level and prospects of the german horse breeding |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Zuechtungskunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zuechtungskunde |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
490-495 |
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Breeding program; Breeding/Member association; Change of structure; Estimation of breeding values; Fédération Equestre Nationale (FN)/German Equestrian Federation; Step of selection; Equidae; Equus caballus |
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Abstract |
The economic impact of the horses of the Federal Republic of Germany has gone up, the statistic numerals verify obviously that Germany took pride of place in Europe in terms of numbers of riders as well as numbers of horses. Successes of German branded horses let their breeders reach the summit worldwide. The carefully agreed breeding programme connects practical cognitions with those of science and permits the leading breeding areas unobstructed space to set their own priorities. Globalisation and rised demand of customers forces breeding associations towards a far-reaching reorganisation because just large powerful institutions can meet these requirements. An end of this process, which scarcely has just begun, cannot yet be conceivable seen. – Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart. |
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Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e. V., 48229 Warendorf, Germany |
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00445401 (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: German; Correspondence Address: Haring, H.; Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e. V. 48229 Warendorf, Germany; email: Hharing@fn-dokr.de |
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refbase @ user @ |
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791 |
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Author |
Poncet, P.A.; Ionita, J.C.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A. |
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Title |
[The influence of the socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses on the conditions of husbandry] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
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Volume |
148 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
183-189 |
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Keywords |
Altitude; Animal Husbandry/methods/*standards; Animals; Breeding/*economics/standards; Demography; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/*standards; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods/*physiology; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Switzerland |
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Abstract |
The socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM. The quality of the husbandry of FM varies according to factors such as the altitude and the geographical situation of the farms and studs. Socio-economic parameters, such as the role of FM in the business, their use (breeding, driving, riding) and the age and level of professional education of the owners may also have an effect on standards of husbandry. The results show that the owners for whom FM represent a source of income more frequently keep their horses in standing stalls, but give them more time to exercise at liberty than the horses belonging to amateur breeders. Younger and better educated breeders are more likely to house their animals in groups. |
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Haras national suisse, Avenches |
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French |
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L'influence de la structure socio-economique des exploitations d'elevage de chevaux de race franches-montagnes sur les conditions de detention |
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0036-7281 |
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PMID:16703759 |
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1873 |
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Author |
Barrey, E.; Desliens, F.; Poirel, D.; Biau, S.; Lemaire, S.; Rivero, J.L.L.; Langlois, B. |
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Title |
Early evaluation of dressage ability in different breeds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
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Volume |
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Issue |
34 |
Pages |
319-324 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Breeding; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Forelimb; Gait/genetics/*physiology; Hindlimb; Horses/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology; Male; Photography/veterinary; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sports |
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Dressage is one of the Olympic equestrian sports practiced in several countries using different horse breeds. Specific characteristics of the walk, trot and canter are required for dressage. It has been assumed that some of these traits could be selected for genetically and contribute to dressage performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the walk, trot and conformation characteristics in young horses of different breeds used for dressage. A total of 142 horses age 3 years were classified into 3 groups of breeds (German, French and Spanish saddle horses) and tested using the same procedure. The skeletal conformation measurements were made by image analysis. Gait variables of the walk and trot were measured by the accelerometric gait analysis system Equimetrix. Discriminant analysis could explain the variability between the groups by taking into account the walk (P<0.0003), trot (P<0.0001) and conformation variables (P<0.0001). Many gait and conformation variables were significantly different between the breeds. In summary, the German horses had gait characteristics more adapted for dressage competition, and the results of this group could be used as a reference for early evaluation in dressage. Purebred Spanish horses could be considered as a reference for collected gaits used for farm work and old academic dressage. The gait and conformation tests could be applied in a breeding or crossing plan to detect more accurately young horses with good dressage ability. |
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INRA, Station de Genetique Quantitative et Appliquee, Groupe Cheval, Jouy-en-Josas, France |
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English |
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PMID:12405708 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3726 |
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Author |
Stock, K.F.; Distl, O. |
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Title |
Evaluation of expected response to selection for orthopedic health and performance traits in Hanoverian Warmblood horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1371-1379 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bone Diseases/genetics/*veterinary; *Breeding; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Horse Diseases/*genetics; Horses/*genetics; Joint Diseases/genetics/*veterinary; Selection (Genetics) |
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Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether selection schemes accounting for orthopedic health traits were compatible with breeding progress in performance parameters in Hanoverian Warmblood horses. ANIMALS: 5,928 horses. PROCEDURE: Relative breeding values (RBVs) were predicted for osseous fragments in fetlock (metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal) and tarsal joints, deforming arthropathy in tarsal joints, and pathologic changes in distal sesamoid bones. Selection schemes were developed on the basis of total indices for radiographic findings (TIR), dressage (TID), and jumping (TIJ). Response to selection was traced over 2 generations of horses for dressage and jumping ability and all-purpose breeding. Development of mean RBVs and mean total indices in sires and prevalences of orthopedic health traits in their offspring were used to assess response to selection. RESULTS: Giving equal weight toTIR andTID, TIJ, or a combined index of 60% TID and 40% TIJ, 43% to 53% of paternal grandsires and 70% to 82% of descending sires passed selection. In each case, RBVs and total indices increased by as much as 9% in selected sires, when compared with all sires, and prevalences of orthopedic health traits in offspring of selected sires decreased relatively by as much as 16%. When selection was exclusively based on TID, TIJ, or TID and TIJ, percentages of selected sires were 44% to 66% in the first and 73% to 84% in the second generation and TID and TIJ increased by 9% to 10% and 19% to 23%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Compared with exclusively performance-based selection, percentages of selected sires changed slightly and breeding progress in TID, TIJ, or TID and TIJ was only slightly decreased; however, prevalences of orthopedic health traits decreased in offspring of TIR-selected sires. |
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Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), Bunteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany |
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English |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:16173480 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3713 |
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