| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Carroll, G.L.; Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Slater, M.R.; Champney, T.H.; Erickson, S.W. |
|
| |
Title |
The effect of detomidine and its antagonism with tolazoline on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, and behavior in awake ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Veterinary surgery : VS : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Surg |
|
| |
Volume |
26 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-77 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology; Blood Glucose/metabolism; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Epinephrine/blood; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horse Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology/psychology; Horses/blood/metabolism/*physiology; Hydrocortisone/blood; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Imidazoles/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Norepinephrine/blood; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects/*physiology; Stress/metabolism/physiopathology/veterinary; Time Factors; Tolazoline/administration & dosage/*pharmacology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Six ponies were used to investigate the effect of tolazoline antagonism of detomidine on physiological responses, behavior, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids in awake ponies. Each pony had a catheter inserted into a jugular vein 1 hour before beginning the study. Awake ponies were administered detomidine (0.04 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]) followed 20 minutes later by either tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg i.v.) or saline. Blood samples were drawn from the catheter 5 minutes before detomidine administration (baseline), 5 minutes after detomidine administration, 20 minutes before detomidine administration which was immediately before the administration of tolazoline or saline (time [T] = 0), and at 5, 30, and 60 minutes after injections of tolazoline or saline (T = 5, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively). Compared with heart rate at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism increased heart rate 45% at 5 minutes. There was no difference in heart rate between treatments at 30 minutes. Blood pressure remained stable after tolazoline, while it decreased over time after saline. Compared with concentrations at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism of detomidine in awake ponies resulted in a 55% increase in cortisol at 30 minutes and a 52% increase in glucose at 5 minutes. The change in free fatty acids was different for tolazoline and saline over time. Free fatty acids decreased after detomidine administration. Free fatty acids did not change after saline administration. After tolazoline administration, free fatty acids increased transiently. Tolazoline tended to decrease sedation and analgesia at 15 and 60 minutes postantagonism. Antagonism of detomidine-induced physiological and behavioral effects with tolazoline in awake ponies that were not experiencing pain appears to precipitate a stress response as measured by cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids. If antagonism of an alpha-agonist is contemplated, the potential effect on hormones and metabolites should be considered. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor  |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0161-3499 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:9123816 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
96 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Khalil, A.M.; Murakami, N.; Kaseda, Y. |
|
| |
Title |
Relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and age, breeding season and harem size in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Med Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
643-645 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Horses; Japan; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexual Maturation; *Social Behavior; Testosterone/*blood |
|
| |
Abstract |
Jugular vein blood samples were collected from 23 young and sexual mature feral stallions to examine the relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season or harem size. Testosterone concentration increased with the age of the stallions until they formed their own harems, at about 4 to 6 years old. Seasonal variations in testosterone concentrations were observed, and found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) throughout the breeding season than non-breeding season, from 3 years of age. Testosterone levels were correlated with harem size for individual stallions. It can be inferred from these results that there is a relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season and harem size. |
|
| |
Address |
Laboratory of Animal Behavioral Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0916-7250 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:9637303 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
137 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Turner, J.W.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. |
|
| |
Title |
Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
|
| |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
79-87 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Copulation/drug effects; Female; *Fertility/drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Male; Periodicity; Pregnancy; Seasons; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Sexual Maturation; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility/drug effects; Testosterone/*blood/pharmacology |
|
| |
Abstract |
This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0449-3087 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:6962905 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
138 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Vail, R.; Devous, S.; Schwend, S.; Baker, C.B.; Wiesner, L. |
|
| |
Title |
Diurnal variation of plasma testosterone in wild stallions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Biology of reproduction |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Reprod |
|
| |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
98-101 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; Horses/*blood; Male; Montana; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Species Specificity; Testosterone/*blood |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0006-3363 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:986195 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
149 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Bonnie, K.E.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
|
| |
Title |
Affiliation promotes the transmission of a social custom: handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
|
| |
Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-34 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Cultural Evolution; Grooming/*physiology; Observation; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
|
| |
Abstract |
Handclasp grooming is a unique social custom, known to occur regularly among some, but not all populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). As with other cultural behaviors, it is assumed that this distinctive grooming posture is learned socially by one individual from another. However, statistical comparisons among factors thought to influence how a behavior spreads within a group have never, to our knowledge, been conducted. In the present study, the origination and spread of handclasp grooming in a group of captive chimpanzees was followed throughout more than 1,500 h of observation over a period of 12 years. We report on the frequency, bout duration, and number and demography of performers throughout the study period, and compare these findings to those reported for wild populations. We predicted that dyads with strong affiliative ties, measured by time spent in proximity to and grooming one another, were likely to develop a handclasp grooming partnership during the study period. A quadratic assignment procedure was used to compare correlations among observed frequencies of grooming and proximity with handclasp grooming in all possible dyads within the group. As predicted, the formation of new handclasp grooming dyads was positively correlated with the rate of overall grooming and proximity within a dyad. In addition, in nearly all dyads formed, at least one individual had been previously observed to handclasp groom. We concluded that affiliation and individual experience determines the transmission of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Emory University, and Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, GA 30329, USA. kebonni@emory.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0032-8332 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:16142425 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
161 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
|
| |
Title |
A century of getting to know the chimpanzee |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
437 |
Issue |
7055 |
Pages |
56-59 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Pan troglodytes/genetics/*physiology/psychology; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior |
|
| |
Abstract |
A century of research on chimpanzees, both in their natural habitat and in captivity, has brought these apes socially, emotionally and mentally much closer to us. Parallels and homologues between chimpanzee and human behaviour range from tool-technology and cultural learning to power politics and intercommunity warfare. Few behavioural domains have remained untouched by this increased knowledge, which has dramatically challenged the way we view ourselves. The sequencing of the chimpanzee genome will no doubt bring more surprises and insights. Humans do occupy a special place among the primates, but this place increasingly has to be defined against a backdrop of substantial similarity. |
|
| |
Address |
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 North Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:16136128 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
162 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
|
| |
Title |
How animals do business |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
|
| |
Volume |
292 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
54-61 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Attitude; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; Cooperative Behavior; *Economics; Emotions; Fishes; Food; Humans; Pan troglodytes; Papio; Social Behavior |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
Emory University, USA |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0036-8733 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:15915815 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
166 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Flack, J.C.; Jeannotte, L.A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
|
| |
Title |
Play signaling and the perception of social rules by juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
| |
Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
149-159 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes; *Play and Playthings; Recognition (Psychology); *Signal Detection (Psychology); *Social Perception |
|
| |
Abstract |
Prescriptive social rules are enforced statistical regularities. The authors investigated whether juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) recognize and use enforced statistical regularities to guide dyadic play behavior. They hypothesized (a) that proximity of adults, especially mothers of younger play partners, to play bouts will increase the play signaling of older partners and (b) that when juvenile-juvenile play bouts occur in proximity to adults, older partners will play at a lower intensity than when no adults are present. They found that older and younger partners increase their play signaling in the presence of the mothers of younger partners, particularly as the intensity of play bouts increases. In contrast to their hypothesis, older partners played more roughly when the mothers of younger partners were in proximity. These results suggest that juvenile chimpanzees increase play signaling to prevent termination of the play bouts by mothers of younger partners. |
|
| |
Address |
Santa Fe Institute, NM 97501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:15250802 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
172 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
|
| |
Title |
Socially learned preferences for differentially rewarded tokens in the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
| |
Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
133-139 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Choice Behavior; Female; *Learning; Male; *Reward; *Social Behavior |
|
| |
Abstract |
Social learning is assumed to underlie traditions, yet evidence indicating social learning in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), which exhibit traditions, is sparse. The authors tested capuchins for their ability to learn the value of novel tokens using a previously familiar token-exchange economy. Capuchins change their preferences in favor of a token worth a high-value food reward after watching a conspecific model exchange 2 differentially rewarded tokens, yet they fail to develop a similar preference after watching tokens paired with foods in the absence of a conspecific model. They also fail to learn that the value of familiar tokens has changed. Information about token value is available in all situations, but capuchins seem to pay more attention in a social situation involving novel tokens. |
|
| |
Address |
Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:15250800 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
173 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Weaver, A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
|
| |
Title |
The mother-offspring relationship as a template in social development: reconciliation in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
| |
Volume |
117 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
101-110 |
|
| |
Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cebus; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Male; *Maternal Behavior; Pilot Projects; *Social Behavior; Statistics, Nonparametric |
|
| |
Abstract |
Mother-offspring (MO) relationship quality was investigated to determine its influence on the development of reconciliation--affiliation between opponents shortly after a fight--because it influenceswhat distressed youngsters learn about calming down. Data were longitudinal and cross-sectional observational samples of 38 MO pairs of monkeys across 24 months. An MO relationship quality index (RQI) classified each pair as secure or insecure. Reconciliation emerged in infancy.Secure youngsters had an appeasing conciliatory style, and insecure youngsters had an agitated conciliatory style. Conclusions are that reconciliation develops from the attachment behavior system and MO RQI is related to the particular conciliatory style youngsters develop by affecting how aroused they are by conflict and the subsequent socializing they seek to calm down. |
|
| |
Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Primate Center and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dazzlingdolphins@cox.net |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:12735370 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
180 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
