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Gholib, G.; Heistermann, M.; Agil, M.; Supriatna, I.; Purwantara, B.; Nugraha, T.P.; Engelhardt, A. |
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Title |
Comparison of fecal preservation and extraction methods for steroid hormone metabolite analysis in wild crested macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
281-292 |
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Abstract |
Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (E1C) and glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag between sample collection and fecal preservation; (2) long-term storage of fecal samples in 80% methanol (MeOH) at ambient temperature; (3) different degrees of feces drying temperature using a conventional oven; and (4) different fecal preservation techniques (i.e., freeze-drying, oven-drying, and field-friendly extraction method) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and commercial alcohol). The study used fecal samples collected from crested macaques (Macaca nigra) living in the Tangkoko Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were assayed using validated E1C and GCM enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of E1C and GCM in unprocessed feces stored at ambient temperature remained stable for up to 8 h of storage after which concentrations of both E1C and GCM changed significantly compared to controls extracted at time 0. Long-term storage in 80% MeOH at ambient temperature affected hormone concentrations significantly with concentrations of both E1C and GCM increasing after 6 and 4 months of storage, respectively. Drying fecal samples using a conventional oven at 50, 70, and 90 °C did not affect the E1C concentrations, but led to a significant decline for GCM concentrations in samples dried at 90 °C. Different fecal preservation techniques and extraction solvents provided similar results for both E1C and GCM concentrations. Our results confirm previous studies that prior to application of fecal hormone analysis in a new species, several preservation parameters should be evaluated for their effects on hormone metabolite stability. The results also provide several options for fecal preservation, extraction, and storage methods that can be selected depending on the condition of the field site and laboratory. |
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1610-7365 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gholib2018 |
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6521 |
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Author |
Lee, P. |
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Title |
Adaptation to environmental change:an evolutionary perspective |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1991 |
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Primate responses to environmental changes |
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39-56 |
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Chapmann & Hall |
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London |
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H. O. Box |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6523 |
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Author |
Beck, B. B. |
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Title |
Animal tool behaviour: The use and manufacture of tools by animals |
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1980 |
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Garland |
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New York |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6524 |
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Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. |
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Title |
The opening of milk bottles by birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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British Birds |
Abbreviated Journal |
British Birds |
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42 |
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347-357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6525 |
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Author |
Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A. |
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Title |
Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Comp. Psychol |
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19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
223-240 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6526 |
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Author |
Thorpe, W. H. |
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Title |
Learning and Instinct in Animals. |
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1963 |
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Methuen |
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London |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6527 |
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Author |
Forrester, G.; Hudry, K.; Lindell, A.; Hopkins, W. D. |
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Title |
Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases |
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2018 |
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238 |
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Academic Press |
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Cambridge |
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9780128146729 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6530 |
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Author |
Reader, S. M.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
Animal Innovation |
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2003 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6531 |
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Author |
Sol, D. |
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Title |
Behavioural flexibility: a neglected issue in the ecological and evolutionary literature |
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2003 |
Publication |
Animal innovation. |
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63-82 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6532 |
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Author |
Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L.; Morand-Ferron, J. |
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Title |
Can a restrictive definition lead to biases and tautologies? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioral and Brain Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain Sci. |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
411-412 |
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Abstract |
We argue that the operational definition proposed by Ramsey et al. does not represent a significant improvement for students of innovation, because it is so restrictive that it might actually prevent the testing of hypotheses on the relationships between innovation, ecology, evolution, culture, and intelligence. To avoid tautological thinking, we need to use an operational definition that is taxonomically unbiased and neutral with respect to the hypotheses to be tested. |
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Cambridge University Press |
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2007/12/17 |
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0140-525x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6533 |
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