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Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H. |
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Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats |
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1986 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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16 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 |
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6251 |
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O'Brien, P.H. |
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Feral goat social organization: a review and comparative analysis |
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1988 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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21 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ O'Brien1988 |
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6270 |
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Briefer, E.F.; McElligott, A.G. |
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Title |
Rescued goats at a sanctuary display positive mood after former neglect |
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2013 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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146 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2013 |
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6287 |
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Albiach-Serrano, A.; Bräuer, J.; Cacchione, T.; Zickert, N.; Amici, F. |
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The effect of domestication and ontogeny in swine cognition (Sus scrofa scrofa and S. s. domestica) |
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2012 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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141 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Albiach-Serrano2012 |
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6329 |
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Frank, H.; Frank, M.G. |
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On the effects of domestication on canine social development and behavior |
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1982 |
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Appl Anim Ethol |
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8 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Frank1982 |
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6259 |
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Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G. |
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Wolf population counting by spectrogram image processing |
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2007 |
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Appl Math Comput |
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186 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2007 |
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6464 |
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Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J. |
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Implementation of a diffusive differential reassignment method for signal enhancement: An application to wolf population counting |
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2007 |
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Appl Math Comput |
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193 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2007 |
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6465 |
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Merkies, K.; McKechnie, M.J.; Zakrajsek, E. |
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Behavioural and physiological responses of therapy horses to mentally traumatized humans |
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2018 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Equine-assisted therapy; Ptsd; Horse; Behaviour; Cortisol; Heart rate |
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Abstract |
The benefits to humans of equine-assisted therapy (EAT) have been well-researched, however few studies have analyzed the effects on the horse. Understanding how differing mental states of humans affect the behaviour and response of the horse can assist in providing optimal outcomes for both horse and human. Four humans clinically diagnosed and under care of a psychotherapist for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were matched physically to four neurotypical control humans and individually subjected to each of 17 therapy horses loose in a round pen. A professional acting coach instructed the control humans in replicating the physical movements of their paired PTSD individual. Both horses and humans were equipped with a heart rate (HR) monitor recording HR every 5secs. Saliva samples were collected from each horse 30 min before and 30 min after each trial to analyze cortisol concentrations. Each trial consisted of 5 min of baseline observation of the horse alone in the round pen after which the human entered the round pen for 2 min, followed by an additional 5 min of the horse alone. Behavioural observations indicative of stress in the horse (gait, head height, ear orientation, body orientation, distance from the human, latency of approach to the human, vocalizations, and chewing) were retrospectively collected from video recordings of each trial and analyzed using a repeated measures GLIMMIX with Tukey's multiple comparisons for differences between treatments and time periods. Horses moved slower (p < 0.0001), carried their head lower (p < 0.0001), vocalized less (p < 0.0001), and chewed less (p < 0.0001) when any human was present with them in the round pen. Horse HR increased in the presence of the PTSD humans, even after the PTSD human left the pen (p < 0.0001). Since two of the PTSD/control human pairs were experienced with horses and two were not, a post-hoc analysis showed that horses approached quicker (p < 0.016) and stood closer (p < 0.0082) to humans who were experienced with horses. Horse HR was lower when with inexperienced humans (p < 0.0001) whereas inexperienced human HR was higher (p < 0.0001). Horse salivary cortisol did not differ between exposure to PTSD and control humans (p > 0.32). Overall, behavioural and physiological responses of horses to humans are more pronounced based on human experience with horses than whether the human is diagnosed with a mental disorder. This may be a reflection of a directness of movement associated with humans who are experienced with horses that makes the horse more attentive. It appears that horses respond more to physical cues from the human rather than emotional cues. This knowledge is important in tailoring therapy programs and justifying horse responses when interacting with a patient in a therapy setting. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6385 |
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Author |
Rocha, A.D. de L.; Menescal-de-Oliveira, L.; da Silva, L.F.S. |
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Title |
Effects of human contact and intra-specific social learning on tonic immobility in guinea pigs, Cavia porcellus |
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2017 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Cohabitation; Fear; Motor response; Defensive behaviour; Predator-prey |
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Abstract Social learning is the capacity of animals to acquire adaptive information from others. In the case of fear responses, animals can learn fearful or non-fearful responses by observing the behavior of conspecifics. Tonic immobility (TI) is an anti-predatory behavior elicited during intense fear situations. Studies have revealed that regular contact with humans can reduce TI responses in animals. In our study, we evaluated the effect of human contact on the TI responses in guinea pigs. We also evaluated the effect of cohabitation (non-fearful animals with fearful animals) on their TI responses. To achieve this, we measured the TI responses induced by postural inversion and restraint in guinea pigs as a result of different treatments. In our first experiment, we determined the effect of human contact on TI responses by establishing 3 treatment groups: no contact, handled, and habituated. In our second experiment, we addressed the effect of social learning on TI response by testing TI response in habituated, and unhabituated animals that had cohabitated for 10 days. In the first experiment, 10 days of either handling or habituation did not prevent TI in guinea pigs, but habituation did increase latency [F(2,119) = 14.19; p < 0.0001] and handling or habituation decrease duration [F(2,119) = 15.01; p < 0.0001] of the TI behavior in the guinea pigs. In the second experiment, the cohabitation of unhabituated and habituated animals reduced TI duration [F(2,93) = 5.058; p < 0.008]. These data suggest that both forms of human interaction can reduce experimenter fear in guinea pigs. It therefore seems that unhabituated guinea pigs learn not to fear the experimenter by cohabitating with habituated guinea pigs. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6133 |
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Author |
Daniel, J.C.; Mikulka, P.J. |
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Title |
Discrimination learning in the white rhinoceros |
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1998 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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58 |
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1–2 |
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197-202 |
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Rhinoceros; Learning |
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This study examined the ability of two adult white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum) to develop a visual discrimination between an open circle and a triangle. These stimuli were presented as black symbols on large white cards. The cards were presented 4.6 m apart and a food reward was given if the subject approached the open circle. Ten discrimination choices were given daily until each subject reached the criterion of 80% correct responding over a block of 50 trials. The female reached the criterion over trials 151–200, while the male required considerably longer (trials 501–550). The male's discrimination was dramatically affected by a shift in the food reward. This study demonstrates that these rhinos were able to develop a successful discrimination and this protocol could be used to further examine their visual acuity. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6145 |
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