| Records |
Author  |
Vallortigara, G.; Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Survival with an asymmetrical brain: advantages and disadvantages of cerebral lateralization |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Brain Sci |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
575-89; discussion 589-633 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Attention/*physiology; Behavior/*physiology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Models, Biological; Visual Perception/physiology |
| Abstract |
Recent evidence in natural and semi-natural settings has revealed a variety of left-right perceptual asymmetries among vertebrates. These include preferential use of the left or right visual hemifield during activities such as searching for food, agonistic responses, or escape from predators in animals as different as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. There are obvious disadvantages in showing such directional asymmetries because relevant stimuli may be located to the animal's left or right at random; there is no a priori association between the meaning of a stimulus (e.g., its being a predator or a food item) and its being located to the animal's left or right. Moreover, other organisms (e.g., predators) could exploit the predictability of behavior that arises from population-level lateral biases. It might be argued that lateralization of function enhances cognitive capacity and efficiency of the brain, thus counteracting the ecological disadvantages of lateral biases in behavior. However, such an increase in brain efficiency could be obtained by each individual being lateralized without any need to align the direction of the asymmetry in the majority of the individuals of the population. Here we argue that the alignment of the direction of behavioral asymmetries at the population level arises as an “evolutionarily stable strategy” under “social” pressures occurring when individually asymmetrical organisms must coordinate their behavior with the behavior of other asymmetrical organisms of the same or different species. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology and B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience, University of Trieste, 34123 Trieste, Italy. vallorti@univ.trieste.it |
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English |
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0140-525X |
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| Notes |
PMID:16209828 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4622 |
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| Author |
Siniscalchi, M.; Quaranta, A.; Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Hemispheric specialization in dogs for processing different acoustic stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
PloS ONE |
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| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
e3349 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5415 |
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| Author |
Siniscalchi, M.; McFarlane, J.R.; Kauter, K.G.; Quaranta, A.; Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Cortisol levels in hair reflect behavioural reactivity of dogs to acoustic stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Research in Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-54 |
| Keywords |
Dogs; Behaviour; Cortisol; Hair; Acoustic stimuli |
| Abstract |
Cortisol levels in hair samples were examined in fourteen domestic dogs and related to the dogs’ responses to different acoustic stimuli. Stimuli were playbacks of species-typical vocalizations recorded during three different situations (“disturbance”, “isolation” and “play” barks) and the sounds of a thunderstorm. Hair samples were collected at 9:00 h and 17:00 h two weeks after the behavioural tests. Results showed that behavioural reactivity to playback of the various stimuli correlates with cortisol levels in hair samples collected at 9:00 h, and the same was the case for the separate measures of behaviour (i.e. hiding, running away, seeking attention from the tester, panting and lowering of the body posture). Hence, levels of cortisol in hair appear to reflect the dog’s chronic state of emotional reactivity, or temperament. |
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0034-5288 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5833 |
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Evolution of hemispheric specialization: advantages and disadvantages |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Brain and Language |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Lang |
| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
236-253 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/*physiology; Chickens/physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Functional Laterality/*physiology; Visual Fields/physiology; Visual Perception/physiology |
| Abstract |
Lateralization of the brain appeared early in evolution and many of its features appear to have been retained, possibly even in humans. We now have a considerable amount of information on the different forms of lateralization in a number of species, and the commonalities of these are discussed, but there has been relatively little investigation of the advantages of being lateralized. This article reports new findings on the differences between lateralized and nonlateralized chicks. The lateralized chicks were exposed to light for 24 h on day 19 of incubation, a treatment known to lead to lateralization of a number of visually guided responses, and the nonlateralized chicks were incubated in the dark. When they were feeding, the lateralized chicks were found to detect a stimulus resembling a raptor with shorter latency than nonlateralized chicks. This difference was not a nonspecific effect caused by the light-exposed chicks being more distressed by the stimulus. Instead, it appears to be a genuine advantage conferred by having a lateralized brain. It is suggested that having a lateralized brain allows dual attention to the tasks of feeding (right eye and left hemisphere) and vigilance for predators (left eye and right hemisphere). Nonlateralized chicks appear to perform these dual tasks less efficiently than lateralized ones. Reference is made to other species in discussing these results. |
| Address |
Division of Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. lrogers@metz.une.edu.au |
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English |
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0093-934X |
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PMID:10856176 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4621 |
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Advantages and disadvantages of lateralization |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
126-153 |
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Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
L. J. Rogers,; R. Andrew, |
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9780521781619 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ L.J.Rogers+R.Andrew(eds)2002 |
Serial |
4624 |
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Relevance of brain and behavioural lateralization to animal welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
127 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
1-11 |
| Keywords |
Hemispheric specialization; Cognitive bias; Stress; Limb preference; Experience; Development |
| Abstract |
The left and right sides of the brain are specialised to process information in different ways and to control different categories of behaviour. Research on a range of species has shown that the left hemisphere controls well-established patterns of behaviour performed in non-stressful situations, whereas the right hemisphere responds to unexpected stimuli and controls escape and other emergency responses. The known functions of each hemisphere are summarised in this paper. Then it is hypothesised that stressed animals rely on predominant use of the right hemisphere, and that a bias to use the right or left hemisphere, respectively, may explain the behavioural differences between animals with a negative cognitive bias and those with a positive cognitive bias. In some species of primates it has been shown that the preferred limb used to pick up food when the animal is in a relaxed state reflects the dominant hemisphere and may be an accessible measure indicating susceptibility to stress and tendency towards positive versus negative cognitive bias. Hence, limb preference might be a useful measure of such tendencies in domesticated species. Some difficulties in determining a relevant measure of limb preference in non-primate species are mentioned, followed by the suggestion that eye preferences for viewing certain stimuli may be a useful measure in species with laterally placed eyes. Finally, effects of experience on the development of hemispheric dominance are discussed, leading to a suggestion that the welfare of domestic animals may be enhanced by ensuring development of left hemisphere dominance (e.g. by exposing chick embryos to light) and by shifting right to left hemisphere dominance in animals with negative cognitive bias. |
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0168-1591 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5296 |
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Evolution of Side Biases: Motor versus Sensory Lateralization |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective |
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Pages |
3-40-40 |
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Medicine & Public Health |
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Springer Netherlands |
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Editor |
Mandal, M.K.; Bulman-Fleming, M.B.; Tiwari, G. |
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978-0-306-46884-1 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5357 |
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Early Experiential Effects on Laterality: Research on Chicks has Relevance to Other Species |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Laterality |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
199-219 |
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The influence of early experience on the development of lateralisation of hemispheric function was further investigated, using the chick as a model. A range of functions are lateralised in the chick and these correlate with asymmetry in the organisation of the visual projections. Chicks using the right eye and, therefore, primarily the left hemisphere are able to switch from pecking randomly at grain and pebbles to pecking mainly at grain, whereas those using the left eye and primarily the right hemisphere continue to peck at random. Exposure to light during the last days of incubation establishes this lateralisation in males, as a consequence of the embryo being oriented in the egg so that the left eye only is occluded. Males incubated in the dark peck at random when using either the right or left eye. Irrespective of light experience, females perform the same as darkincubated males: they are not influenced by light exposure. Monocular performance of the pebble-grain task is compared to binocular performance, and the sensitive period for the influence of light is delineated. The interactive effects of sex hormone levels on the differentiation of lateralisation are discussed and also the relevance of the results to other species, including humans. |
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Psychology Press |
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1357-650x |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.1080/713754277 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5587 |
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| Author |
Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
A Matter of Degree: Strength of Brain Asymmetry and Behaviour |
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| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Symmetry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Symmetry |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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functional asymmetry; strength of lateralization; direction of lateralization; advantages; disadvantages; vertebrate species; limb preference; eye bias |
| Abstract |
Research on a growing number of vertebrate species has shown that the left and right sides of the brain process information in different ways and that lateralized brain function is expressed in both specific and broad aspects of behaviour. This paper reviews the available evidence relating strength of lateralization to behavioural/cognitive performance. It begins by considering the relationship between limb preference and behaviour in humans and primates from the perspectives of direction and strength of lateralization. In birds, eye preference is used as a reflection of brain asymmetry and the strength of this asymmetry is associated with behaviour important for survival (e.g., visual discrimination of food from non-food and performance of two tasks in parallel). The same applies to studies on aquatic species, mainly fish but also tadpoles, in which strength of lateralization has been assessed as eye preferences or turning biases. Overall, the empirical evidence across vertebrate species points to the conclusion that stronger lateralization is advantageous in a wide range of contexts. Brief discussion of interhemispheric communication follows together with discussion of experiments that examined the effects of sectioning pathways connecting the left and right sides of the brain, or of preventing the development of these left-right connections. The conclusion reached is that degree of functional lateralization affects behaviour in quite similar ways across vertebrate species. Although the direction of lateralization is also important, in many situations strength of lateralization matters more. Finally, possible interactions between asymmetry in different sensory modalities is considered. |
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Symmetry |
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9 |
Series Issue |
4 |
Edition |
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2073-8994 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6167 |
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| Author |
Robins, A.; Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Lateralized prey-catching responses in the cane toad, Bufo marinus: analysis of complex visual stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
68 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
767-775 |
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| Abstract |
We tested the responses of Bufo marinus to prey stimuli of varying visual complexity that were moved around the toads in either a clockwise or anticlockwise direction at 1.7 revolutions/min. Predatory responses directed at prey resembling an insect were frequent when the model insect moved clockwise across the visual midline into the right visual hemifield. In contrast, the toads tended to ignore such stimuli when they moved anticlockwise across the midline into the left hemifield. No such lateralization was found when a rectangular strip moved along its longest axis was presented in a similar way. The toads also directed more responses towards the latter stimulus than towards the insect prey. Hence, the results suggest that lateralized predatory responses occur for considered decisions on whether or not to respond to complex insect-like stimuli, but not for decisions on comparatively simple stimuli. We discuss similarities between the lateralized feeding responses of B. marinus and those of avian species, as support for the hypothesis that lateralized brain function in tetrapods may have arisen from a common lateralized ancestor. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5365 |
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