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Author Schwarz, S.; Marr, I.; Farmer, K.; Graf, K.; Stefanski, V.; Krueger, K. doi  openurl
  Title Does Carrying a Rider Change Motor and Sensory Laterality in Horses? Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 12 Issue 8 Pages 992  
  Keywords laterality; horse; rider; sensory laterality; motor laterality; novel object; side preference  
  Abstract Laterality in horses has been studied in recent decades. Although most horses are kept for riding purposes, there has been almost no research on how laterality may be affected by carrying a rider. In this study, 23 horses were tested for lateral preferences, both with and without a rider, in three different experiments. The rider gave minimal aids and rode on a long rein to allow the horse free choice. Firstly, motor laterality was assessed by observing forelimb preference when stepping over a pole. Secondly, sensory laterality was assessed by observing perceptual side preferences when the horse was confronted with (a) an unfamiliar person or (b) a novel object. After applying a generalised linear model, this preliminary study found that a rider increased the strength of motor laterality (p = 0.01) but did not affect sensory laterality (p = 0.8). This suggests that carrying a rider who is as passive as possible does not have an adverse effect on a horse�s stress levels and mental state.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6667  
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Author Voigtlaender-Schnabel, S.; Vogel, L.; Greiner, B.; Wiezorek, S.; Schuette, P.; Solmsen, E.-H.; Martin; H.; Hempel, E.; Gruentjens, T.; Bathen, M.; Herold, P.; Krueger, K. openurl 
  Title Reactions of horses to wildlife and livestock guarding dogs Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CDPNews  
  Volume 24 Issue Pages 49-58  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6668  
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Author Krueger, K.; Schwarz, S.; Marr, I.; Farmer, K. doi  openurl
  Title Laterality in Horse Training: Psychological and Physical Balance and Coordination and Strength Rather Than Straightness Type Magazine Article
  Year 2022 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 12 Issue 8 Pages 1042  
  Keywords balance; body asymmetry; equitation; horse; motor laterality; sensory laterality; stress; welfare  
  Abstract For centuries, a goal of training in many equestrian disciplines has been to straighten the horse, which is considered a key element in achieving its responsiveness and suppleness. However, laterality is a naturally occurring phenomenon in horses and encompasses body asymmetry, motor laterality and sensory laterality. Furthermore, forcibly counterbalancing motor laterality has been considered a cause of psychological imbalance in humans. Perhaps asymmetry and laterality should rather be accepted, with a focus on training psychological and physical balance, coordination and equal strength on both sides instead of enforcing “straightness”. To explore this, we conducted a review of the literature on the function and causes of motor and sensory laterality in horses, especially in horses when trained on the ground or under a rider. The literature reveals that body asymmetry is innate but does not prevent the horse from performing at a high level under a rider. Motor laterality is equally distributed in feral horses, while in domestic horses, age, breed, training and carrying a rider may cause left leg preferences. Most horses initially observe novel persons and potentially threatening objects or situations with their left sensory organs. Pronounced preferences for the use of left sensory organs or limbs indicate that the horse is experiencing increased emotionality or stress, and long-term insufficiencies in welfare, housing or training may result in left shifts in motor and sensory laterality and pessimistic mentalities. Therefore, increasing laterality can be regarded as an indicator for insufficiencies in housing, handling and training. We propose that laterality be recognized as a welfare indicator and that straightening the horse should be achieved by conducting training focused on balance, coordination and equal strength on both sides.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Animals  
  Series Volume 12 Series Issue 8 Edition  
  ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6670  
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Author Krueger, K.; Trager, L.; Farmer, K.; Byrne, R. doi  openurl
  Title Tool Use in Horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 12 Issue 15 Pages 1876  
  Keywords crowdsourcing; horse; innovation; mule; management; tool use  
  Abstract Tool use has not yet been confirmed in horses, mules or donkeys. As this subject is difficult to research with conventional methods, we used a crowdsourcing approach to gather data. We contacted equid owners and carers and asked them to report and video examples of â��unusualâ�� behaviour via a dedicated website. We also searched YouTube and Facebook for videos of equids showing tool use. From 635 reports, including 1014 behaviours, we found 20 cases of tool use, 13 of which were unambiguous in that it was clear that the behaviour was not trained, caused by reduced welfare, incidental or accidental. We then assessed (a) the effect of management conditions on tool use and (b) whether the animals used tools alone, or socially, involving other equids or humans. We found that management restrictions were associated with corresponding tool use in 12 of the 13 cases (p = 0.01), e.g., equids using sticks to scrape hay within reach when feed was restricted. Furthermore, 8 of the 13 cases involved other equids or humans, such as horses using brushes to groom others. The most frequent tool use was for foraging, with seven examples, tool use for social purposes was seen in four cases, and there was just one case of tool use for escape. There was just one case of tool use for comfort, and in this instance, there were no management restrictions. Equids therefore can develop tool use, especially when management conditions are restricted, but it is a rare occurrence.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Animals  
  Series Volume 12 Series Issue 15 Edition  
  ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6695  
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Author Benz, B.; Benitz, B.; Krueger, K.; Winter, D. openurl 
  Title Weniger Einstreu bei gleichem Komfort Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Pferdezucht und Haltung Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 66-71  
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  Publisher (up) AVA-Verlag-Allgäu GmbH Place of Publication Kempten Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5654  
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Author Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. openurl 
  Title Horses (Equus caballus) show respect and trust in their owners Type Book Chapter
  Year 2009 Publication Program of the 4. Thementagung der Ethologischen Gesellschaft, Februar 12 -14, 2009. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 32  
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  Publisher (up) Dpz. Place of Publication Göttingen Editor Kappeler, P.M.; Schwibbe, M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2009 Serial 5717  
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Author Flauger, B.; Krueger, K.; Gerhards, H.; Moestl, E. isbn  openurl
  Title Measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in horse faeces: the validation of different group specific enzymeimmunoassays and extraction methods. Type Book Chapter
  Year 2009 Publication Proceeding of the 102. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft (DZG). Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 166  
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  Publisher (up) Dt. Zoologische Ges Place of Publication München Editor Cremer,S.;Schrempf,A.;Heinze,J.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-00-028368-0 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5718  
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Author Krueger, K. . isbn  openurl
  Title Soziales Lernen der Pferde Type Book Chapter
  Year 2011 Publication Göttinger Pferdetage '11: Zucht, Haltung und Ernährung von Sportpferden Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 51  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) FN Verlag Place of Publication Warendorf Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3885427582 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5719  
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Author Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U. isbn  openurl
  Title Grundlagen der Sinneswahrnehmung von Pferden Type Book Chapter
  Year 2014 Publication Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 38 - 54  
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  Publisher (up) FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH Place of Publication Warendorf Editor Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-88542-793-3 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5942  
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Author Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U. isbn  openurl
  Title Wie Pferde lernen Type Book Chapter
  Year 2014 Publication Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 56-82  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH Place of Publication Warendorf Editor Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-88542-793-3 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5943  
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