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Author Heird, J.C.; Lennon, A.M.; Bell, R.W.
Title Effects of early experience on the learning ability of yearling horses Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1981 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 1204-1209
Keywords Animals; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; *Handling (Psychology); Horses/*physiology; *Learning
Abstract Twenty-four yearling Quarter Horse fillies were divided into three groups (I) very limited handling, (II) intermediate handling and (III) extensive handling. At about 14 months of age, each horse was preconditioned for 2 weeks and then run in a simple place-learning T-maze test in which it had to locate its feed. Thirty trials were run daily for 20 days, with the location of the feed changed each day. To retire from the maze, a horse had to meet the criterion: 11 correct responses in 12 tries, with the last eight being consecutive. Horses in Group II required the fewest trials to reach criterion. These horses also learned more and had the highest percentage of correct responses (P less than .05). Mean trainability tended to predict learning ability; however, trainability and trials to criterion were not significantly correlated. Mean emotionality scores indicated a tendency for horses in the intermediately handled group to be less emotional than those in Group I or III. Results indicated that horses with an intermediate amount of handling scored higher on an intermediate test of learning. All handled horses scored higher on learning tests than those not handled.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:7319966 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3577
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Author Barnard, C.J.; Sibly, R.M.
Title Producers and scroungers: A general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1981 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 543-550
Keywords
Abstract Many forms of interaction within and between species appear to be based on `scrounger' individuals or species exploiting a limited resource provided `producers'. A mathematical model is presented which shows whether or not scroungers are maintained in a group, depending on their frequency and the group size. Some of the predictions of the model were tested in captive flocks of house sparrows Passer domesticus L. Here the scroungers obtained most of their food (mealworms) by interaction and the producers found most of their food by actively foraging: the pay-off to each type was measured as mealworm capture rate. Neither type changed strategy opportunistically in response to instantaneous flock composition but, not surprisingly, scroungers fared better when one of more producers were present. However, scrougers did much worse than expected when greatly outnumbered by producers, perhaps because producers then found the available food very quickly.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4200
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Author McCall, C.A.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Ingram, R.S.
Title Learning abilities in yearling horses using the Hebb-Williams closed field maze Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1981 Publication J. Anim. Sci. Abbreviated Journal J. Anim. Sci.
Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 928-933
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 24 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 4613
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Author Churcher, C. S.
Title Oldest Ass Recovered from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and the Origin of Asses Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1982 Publication Journal of Paleontology Abbreviated Journal J. Paleontol.
Volume 56 Issue 5 Pages 1124-1132
Keywords
Abstract Abstract

An isolated right metatarsal III from an adult small monodactyl equid was recovered in situ from the middle of Bed II at Evelyn Fuchs-Hans Reck Korongo, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania in 1963. Interosseous contacts for splint metatarsals II and IV are less evident than in any modern comparative Equus metapodials in Leiden, Holland, London, England or in the field in Africa: horses (E. caballus), zebras (E. burchellii, E. grevyi, E. quagga) and asses (E. a. asinus, E. a. africanus), of which the horses and asses were domesticates. The specimen is provisionally assigned to Equus (Asinus) asinus. The estimated height at the shoulders is less than a meter for the animal in life, comparable to a small donkey.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 105
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Author Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M.
Title Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.
Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 7-14
Keywords
Abstract Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season.

The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%).
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 984
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Author Rescorla, R.A.; Holland, P.C.
Title Behavioral Studies of Associative Learning in Animals Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1982 Publication Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 265-308
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3540
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Author Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M.
Title The development of altruism: Alternative research strategies. Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 1982 Publication The development of prosocial behavior Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 109-138
Keywords
Abstract Zahn-Waxler, C. & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1982) The development of altruism:

Alternative research strategies. In: The development of prosocial behavior, ed.

N. Eisenberg. Academic Press. [aSDP]
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication New York Editor Eisenberg, N.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5061
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Author Ristau, C.A.
Title Language, cognition, and awareness in animals? Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1983 Publication Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 406 Issue 1 Pages 170-186
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2952
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Author Appleby, M.C.
Title The probability of linearity in hierarchies Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1983 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 600-608
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Abstract The common practice of ranking a group of animals in the closest possible order to a linear dominance hierarchy assumes that dominance among those animals is generally transitive. In fact, analysis of groups in which dominance relationships are random shows that this method has a surprisingly high probability of producing an apparently linear or near-linear hierarchy by chance. As such, the existence of transitive dominance should be tested before it is used in ranking. A suitable statistical test is described here. Chance may also contribute to the linear appearance of hierarchies based on other factors.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4286
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Author Moss, C.J.; Poole, J.H.
Title Relationships and social structure in African elephants. Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 1983 Publication Primate social relationships: an integrated approach. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Blackwell Science Ltd Place of Publication Editor Hinde, R.A.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN 978-0632009992 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4426
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