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Author Becker, C. D.; Ginsberg, J. R. doi  openurl
  Title Mother-infant behaviour of wild Grevy's zebra: adaptations for survival in semidesert East Africa Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 1111-1118  
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  Abstract Mother-infant interactions and patterns of foal behaviour in the Grevy's zebra, Equus grevyi, differe from those reported for other equids. Grevy's zebra foals exhibit longer intervals between suckling bouts, do not drink water until they are 3 months old, and reach independence from the mare sooner than other equids. Furthermore, Grevy's zebra foals advance their acquisition of adult feeding behaviour. A 6-week-old Grevy's zebra foal spends as much time feeding as a 5-month-old wild horse foal. From the time their foals are born until the foals reach an age of 3 months, females form small groups (three females and their foals). These groups are never found further than 2·0 km from surface water and are usually associated with a territorial male. Unlike other equids, the foals of which always follow their mares, when female Grevy's zebra go to drink, they leave their foals in “kindergartens”, which are guarded by a single adult animal, usually a territorial male. It is proposed that many of these differences in behaviour and rates of juvenile development are the result of adaptation to an arid environment. Water requirements during early lactation appear to influence strongly the social behaviour of the Grevy's zebra and should also be a strong influence on the mother-infant behaviour of other arid-living ungulates.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number (up) Serial 927  
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Author Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M. doi  openurl
  Title Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.  
  Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 7-14  
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  Abstract Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season.

The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%).
 
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 984  
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Author Duncan, P.; Foose, T. J.; Gordon, I. J.; Gakahu,C. G.; Lloyd, M. doi  openurl
  Title Comparative nutrient extraction from forages by grazing bovids and equids: a test of the nutritional model of equid/bovid competition and coexistence Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal Oecologia  
  Volume 84 Issue 3 Pages 411-418  
  Keywords Ruminant – Hind-gut fermenter – Intake – Digestion – Competition  
  Abstract Ruminants are unevenly distributed across the range of body sizes observed in herbivorous mammals; among extant East African species they predominate, in numbers and species richness, in the medium body sizes (10-600 kg). The small and the large species are all hind-gut fermenters. Some medium-sized hind-gut fermenters, equid perissodactyls, coexist with the grazing ruminants, principally bovid artiodactyls, in grassland ecosystems. These patterns have been explained by two complementary models based on differences between the digestive physiology of ruminants and hind-gut fermenters. The Demment and Van Soest (1985) model accounts for the absence of ruminants among the small and large species, while the Bell/Janis/Foose model accounts both for the predominance of ruminants, and their co-existence with equids among the medium-sized species (Bell 1971; Janis 1976; Foose 1982). The latter model assumes that the rumen is competitively superior to the hind-gut system on medium quality forages, and that hind-gut fermenters persist because of their ability to eat more, and thus to extract more nutrients per day from high fibre, low quality forages. Data presented here demonstrate that compared to similarly sized grazing ruminants (bovids), hind-gut fermenters (equids) have higher rates of food intake which more than compensate for their lesser ability to digest plant material. As a consequence equids extract more nutrients per day than bovids not only from low quality foods, but from the whole range of forages eaten by animals of this size. Neither of the current nutritional models, nor refinements of them satisfactorily explain the preponderance of the bovids among medium-sized ungulates; alternative hypotheses are presented.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1035  
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Author Duncan P, C.P. openurl 
  Title An unusual choice of habitat helps Camargue horses to avoid blood-sucking horse-flies Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal Biol Behav  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 55-60  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1036  
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Author Eisenmann V, G.D.C. openurl 
  Title Caractères distinctifs des premières phalanges antérieures et postérieures chez certains équidés actuels et fossiles Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal Bull Soc g?ol France  
  Volume 16 Issue Pages 352-361  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1059  
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Author Eisenmann V, G.D.C. openurl 
  Title Caractères distinctifs entre vrais zèbres et zèbres de Chapman d`après l`étude de 60 têtes osseuses. Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal Mammalia  
  Volume 38 Issue Pages 509-543  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1060  
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Author Eisenmann V, G.C. openurl 
  Title Morphologie fonctionelle et environnement chez les périssodactyles. Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal Geobios, Mém sp  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 69  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1061  
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Author Eisenmann V, T.J.-C. openurl 
  Title Sur la taxinomie du genre Equus Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal Cahiers Analyse Données  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 179-201  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1063  
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Author Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C. openurl 
  Title Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie) Abbreviated Journal Rev Ecol (Terre Vie)  
  Volume 49 Issue Pages 11-20  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1083  
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Author Haughton Sh, C.B. openurl 
  Title The fossil Equidae of south Africa Type Journal Article
  Year 1931 Publication Abbreviated Journal Ann South Afr Mus  
  Volume 28 Issue Pages 407-427  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1166  
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