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Author Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. url  doi
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  Title Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 355 Issue Pages 250-253  
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  Notes 10.1038/355250a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4842  
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Author Maynard Smith, J.; Price, G.R. url  doi
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  Title The Logic of Animal Conflict Type Journal Article
  Year 1973 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 246 Issue Pages 15-18  
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  Notes 10.1038/246015a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4844  
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Author Hamilton, W.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Selfish and Spiteful Behaviour in an Evolutionary Model Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 228 Issue Pages 1218-1220  
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  Notes 10.1038/2281218a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4853  
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Author Reeve, H.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 358 Issue Pages 147-149  
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  Notes 10.1038/358147a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4921  
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Author Watts, D.J.; Strogatz, S.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Collective dynamics of /`small-world/' networks Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 393 Issue 6684 Pages 440-442  
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  Abstract Networks of coupled dynamical systems have been used to model biological oscillators Josephson junction arrays excitable media, neural networks spatial games11, genetic control networks12 and many other self-organizing systems. Ordinarily, the connection topology is assumed to be either completely regular or completely random. But many biological, technological and social networks lie somewhere between these two extremes. Here we explore simple models of networks that can be tuned through this middle ground: regular networks 'rewired' to introduce increasing amounts of disorder. We find that these systems can be highly clustered, like regular lattices, yet have small characteristic path lengths, like random graphs. We call them 'small-world' networks, by analogy with the small-world phenomenon (popularly known as six degrees of separation). The neural network of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the power grid of the western United States, and the collaboration graph of film actors are shown to be small-world networks. Models of dynamical systems with small-world coupling display enhanced signal-propagation speed, computational power, and synchronizability. In particular, infectious diseases spread more easily in small-world networks than in regular lattices.  
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  Notes 10.1038/30918 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4989  
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Author Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Group decision-making in animals Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 421 Issue 6919 Pages 155-158  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Decision Making; Democracy; Group Processes; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Social Behavior  
  Abstract Groups of animals often need to make communal decisions, for example about which activities to perform, when to perform them and which direction to travel in; however, little is known about how they do so. Here, we model the fitness consequences of two possible decision-making mechanisms: 'despotism' and 'democracy'. We show that under most conditions, the costs to subordinate group members, and to the group as a whole, are considerably higher for despotic than for democratic decisions. Even when the despot is the most experienced group member, it only pays other members to accept its decision when group size is small and the difference in information is large. Democratic decisions are more beneficial primarily because they tend to produce less extreme decisions, rather than because each individual has an influence on the decision per se. Our model suggests that democracy should be widespread and makes quantitative, testable predictions about group decision-making in non-humans.  
  Address School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. l.conradt@sussex.ac.uk  
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  Notes PMID:12520299 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5136  
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Author Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 423 Issue 6938 Pages 432-434  
  Keywords Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors  
  Abstract Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals.  
  Address Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk  
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  Notes PMID:12761547 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5138  
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Author Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K. url  doi
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  Title Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 352 Issue 6336 Pages 619-621  
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  Notes 10.1038/352619a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5424  
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Author Barton, N. doi  openurl
  Title Evolutionary biology: The geometry of adaptation Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6704 Pages 751-752  
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  Notes 10.1038/27338 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5469  
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Author Moon, C.; Baldridge, M.T.; Wallace, M.A.; Burnham, C.-A.D.; Virgin, H.W.; Stappenbeck, T.S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Vertically transmitted faecal IgA levels determine extra-chromosomal phenotypic variation Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 521 Issue 7550 Pages 90-93  
  Keywords Phenotype  
  Abstract The proliferation of genetically modified mouse models has exposed phenotypic variation between investigators and institutions that has been challenging to control1-5. In many cases, the microbiota is the presumed culprit of the variation. Current solutions to account for phenotypic variability include littermate and maternal controls or defined microbial consortia in gnotobiotic mice6,7. In conventionally raised mice, the microbiome is transmitted from the dam2,8,9. Here we show that microbially–driven dichotomous fecal IgA levels in WT mice within the same facility mimic the effects of chromosomal mutations. We observed in multiple facilities that vertically-transmissible bacteria in IgA-Low mice dominantly lowered fecal IgA levels in IgA-High mice after cohousing or fecal transplantation. In response to injury, IgA-Low mice showed increased damage that was transferable by fecal transplantation and driven by fecal IgA differences. We found that bacteria from IgA-Low mice degraded the secretory component (SC) of SIgA as well as IgA itself. These data indicate that phenotypic comparisons between mice must take into account the non-chromosomal hereditary variation between different breeders. We propose fecal IgA as one marker of microbial variability and conclude that cohousing and/or fecal transplantation enables analysis of progeny from different dams.  
  Address Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6005  
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