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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author (up) OUSTALET E openurl 
  Title Une nouvelle espèce de zèbre, Type Journal Article
  Year 1882 Publication Abbreviated Journal La Nature  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 12-14  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1444  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Packer, C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 265 Issue Pages 441-445  
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  Notes 10.1038/265441a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4840  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B. doi  openurl
  Title Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees Type
  Year 1999 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 399 Issue 6737 Pages 647-648  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Face; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10385114 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 195  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Paz-y-Miño C. G.; Bond, A.B.; Kamil, A.C.; Balda, R.P. doi  openurl
  Title Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 430 Issue 7001 Pages 778-781  
  Keywords Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Group Structure; Male; *Social Dominance; Songbirds/*physiology  
  Abstract Living in large, stable social groups is often considered to favour the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities, such as recognizing group members, tracking their social status and inferring relationships among them. An individual's place in the social order can be learned through direct interactions with others, but conflicts can be time-consuming and even injurious. Because the number of possible pairwise interactions increases rapidly with group size, members of large social groups will benefit if they can make judgments about relationships on the basis of indirect evidence. Transitive reasoning should therefore be particularly important for social individuals, allowing assessment of relationships from observations of interactions among others. Although a variety of studies have suggested that transitive inference may be used in social settings, the phenomenon has not been demonstrated under controlled conditions in animals. Here we show that highly social pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) draw sophisticated inferences about their own dominance status relative to that of strangers that they have observed interacting with known individuals. These results directly demonstrate that animals use transitive inference in social settings and imply that such cognitive capabilities are widespread among social species.  
  Address Center for Avian Cognition, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15306809 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 Serial 352  
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Author (up) Pocock Rj, openurl 
  Title The coloration of the Quaggas Type Journal Article
  Year Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 68 Issue Pages 356-357  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1480  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 352 Issue 6336 Pages 619-621  
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  Notes 10.1038/352619a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5424  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Prather, J.F.; Peters, S.; Nowicki, S.; Mooney, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 451 Issue 7176 Pages 305-310  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Brain mechanisms for communication must establish a correspondence between sensory and motor codes used to represent

the signal. One idea is that this correspondence is established at the level of single neurons that are active when the

individual performs a particular gesture or observes a similar gesture performed by another individual. Although neurons

that display a precise auditory–vocal correspondence could facilitate vocal communication, they have yet to be identified.

Here we report that a certain class of neurons in the swamp sparrow forebrain displays a precise auditory–vocal

correspondence. We show that these neurons respond in a temporally precise fashion to auditory presentation of certain

note sequences in this songbird’s repertoire and to similar note sequences in other birds’ songs. These neurons display

nearly identical patterns of activity when the bird sings the same sequence, and disrupting auditory feedback does not alter

this singing-related activity, indicating it is motor in nature. Furthermore, these neurons innervate striatal structures

important for song learning, raising the possibility that singing-related activity in these cells is compared to auditory

feedback to guide vocal learning.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Nature Publishing Group Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes 10.1038/nature06492 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5062  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Proudman, C.; Pinchbeck, G.; Clegg, P.; French, N. doi  openurl
  Title Equine welfare: risk of horses falling in the Grand National Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 428 Issue 6981 Pages 385-386  
  Keywords Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Great Britain; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; *Sports  
  Abstract As in other competitive sports, the famous Grand National steeplechase, which is held at Aintree in the United Kingdom and is watched by 600 million people worldwide, sometimes results in injury. By analysing data from the past 15 Grand National races (consisting of 560 starts by horses), we are able to identify several factors that are significantly associated with failure to complete the race: no previous experience of the course and its unique obstacles, unfavourable ground conditions (too soft or too hard), a large number of runners, and the length of the odds ('starting price'). We also find that there is an increased risk of falling at the first fence and at the jump known as Becher's Brook, which has a ditch on the landing side. Our findings indicate ways in which the Grand National could be made safer for horses and illustrate how epidemiological analysis might contribute to preventing injury in competitive sport.  
  Address Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. c.j.proudman@liverpool.ac.uk  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:15042079 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 535  
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Author (up) Ramsden, S.; Richardson, F.M.; Josse, G.; Thomas, M.S.C.; Ellis, C.; Shakeshaft, C.; Seghier, M.L.; Price, C.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Verbal and non-verbal intelligence changes in the teenage brain Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume advance online publication Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a standardized measure of human intellectual capacity that takes into account a wide range of cognitive skills1. IQ is generally considered to be stable across the lifespan, with scores at one time point used to predict educational achievement and employment prospects in later years1. Neuroimaging allows us to test whether unexpected longitudinal fluctuations in measured IQ are related to brain development. Here we show that verbal and non-verbal IQ can rise or fall in the teenage years, with these changes in performance validated by their close correlation with changes in local brain structure. A combination of structural and functional imaging showed that verbal IQ changed with grey matter in a region that was activated by speech, whereas non-verbal IQ changed with grey matter in a region that was activated by finger movements. By using longitudinal assessments of the same individuals, we obviated the many sources of variation in brain structure that confound cross-sectional studies. This allowed us to dissociate neural markers for the two types of IQ and to show that general verbal and non-verbal abilities are closely linked to the sensorimotor skills involved in learning. More generally, our results emphasize the possibility that an individual’s intellectual capacity relative to their peers can decrease or increase in the teenage years. This would be encouraging to those whose intellectual potential may improve, and would be a warning that early achievers may not maintain their potential.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1038/nature10514 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5422  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author (up) Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 423 Issue 6938 Pages 432-434  
  Keywords Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors  
  Abstract Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals.  
  Address Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12761547 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5138  
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