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Author |
Boy V, D.P. |
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Title |
Time-budgets of Camargue horses, I. Development changes in the time-budgets of foals |
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1979 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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71 |
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187-202 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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966 |
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Author |
Duncan P, |
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Title |
Time-budgets of Camrgue horses; II. Time- budgets of adult horses and weaned sub-adults |
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Journal Article |
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1979 |
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Behaviour |
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72 |
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26-49 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1029 |
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Author |
Kiley, |
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Title |
The tail movements of ungulates, canids and felids with particular reference to their causation and function as displays |
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Year |
1976 |
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Behaviour |
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56 |
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69-115 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1262 |
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Author |
Schilder, M.B.H. |
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Title |
Dominance relationships between adult Plains zebra stallions in semi – captivity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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104 |
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3-4 |
Pages |
300-319 |
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Abstract |
The relationships between 4-5 adult zebra stallions, living in a safari park, were investigated over a period of 5 years. Asymmetries in the distributions of a number of behaviours could be explained by adopting dominance as an intervening variable. Dominance in stallions was of a bipolar nature with on the one hand behaviours representing subordinance and defence, and on the other hand behaviours reinforcing and confirming dominance. Expression of formal dominance seems to play a minor role. The dyadic relationships of stallions differed as to the number of behaviours reflecting dominance relationships. Although often linear rank-orders could be constructed, these rank-orders were not necessarily identical. This means that the concept of dominance is of only limited value for describing relationships between zebra stallions. |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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1564 |
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Author |
Schilder, M.B. H. |
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Title |
Interventions in a herd of semi – captive Plains zebras |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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112 |
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1-2 |
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53-83 |
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Abstract |
n a herd of semi-captive plains zebras interventions, which occurred within the harems, were investigated in order to answer the question why zebras interfered. These interventions are of interest because they regulate the contacts between companions and because, as corrective and preventive measures, they reveal the normative principles underlying the behaviours by which animals structure their social environment. An attempt was made to deduce 1) the internal norms of the interferer; 2) his short term aims; 3) his tactis and 4) his perception of the social environment. The analysis revealed that in the case of an affiliative interaction foals, yearlings and adult mares started to interfere if a friend had an affiliative contact with another zebra. In view of the interferer's behaviours it was concluded that their aim was to break off the ongoing interaction and that zebras tended to protect friendship bonds. Foals and yearlings further interfered if their mother was being threatened, attacked or sexually approached by a stallion. In view of the interferer's behaviours its aim was to prevent iminent interactions or to break off ongoing interactions. This suggests that these interventions were of a protective nature. The interferer's behaviours in both contexts ware very much alike. Mares tended to interfere if their foal/yearling or adult daughter was threathened or aggressed or if a mare friend was being sexually approached by a stallion. This type of intervention was of a protective nature. Stallions in a multi male harem showed a high tendency to interfere in courtship interactions. From the resemblance between interventions in courtship and in aggressive interactions it is concluded that, at leat in a number of cases, the individuals have perceived courtship behaviour by the stallion as a threat towards the mare involved. |
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no |
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1565 |
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Author |
Schloeth R, |
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Title |
Zur Psychologie der Begegnung zwischen Tieren |
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Year |
1956 |
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Behaviour |
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10 |
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1-80 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1572 |
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Author |
Franke Stevens, E. |
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Title |
Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions |
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Year |
1990 |
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Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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112 |
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3-4 |
Pages |
149-161 |
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Male horses (Equus caballus) defend harems of females (bands) year-round and throughout their lifetimes. A male's lifetime reproductive success depends upon the number of females in his harem. Although harems have previously been reported as remaining stable over many years, during the two years of this study 30 % of the adult females in an island population of feral horses changed harems during late winter. The seasonal differences in harem stability resulted from seasonal differences in the abundance and distribution of food. The spacing between band members was greater and the frequency of social interactions between them was lower in winter than in summer. In addition, the amount of time devoted to grazing increased in winter. These differences are attributed to the lower availability of suitable vegetation duirng winter. Harem stability did not depend on the age of females, the size of the harem, nor the age of the harem stallion, but did depend on the presence of subordinate stallions attached to the band. All of the females that changed bands left single-male bands; multi-male bands were stable throughout the study. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1632 |
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Author |
WARING GH et al, |
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Title |
The behaviour of horses |
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In: Behaviour of domestic animals |
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330-369 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1698 |
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Author |
Boy, V.; Duncan, P. |
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Title |
Time-budgets of Camargue horses. I. Developmental changes in the time-budgets of foals. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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71 |
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187-201 |
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1803 |
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Meunier, H.; Leca, J.B.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
Group movement decisions in capuchin monkeys: the utility of an experimental study and a mathematical model to explore the relationship between individual and collective behaviours |
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2006 |
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Behaviour |
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Behaviour |
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143 |
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1511-1527 |
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animal society – collective decision-making – primates – group movement – mathematical modeling |
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In primate groups, collective movements are typically described as processes dependent on leadership mechanisms. However, in some species, decision-making includes negotiations and distributed leadership. These facts suggest that simple underlying processes may explain certain decision mechanisms during collective movements. To study such processes, we have designed experiments on white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) during which we provoked collective movements involving a binary choice. These experiments enabled us to analyse the spatial decisions of individuals in the group. We found that the underlying process includes anonymous mimetism, which means that each individual may influence all members of the group. To support this result, we created a mathematical model issued from our experimental data. A totally anonymous model does not fit perfectly with our experimental distribution. A more individualised model, which takes into account the specific behaviour of social peripheral individuals, revealed the validity of the mimetism hypothesis. Even though white-faced capuchins have complex cognitive abilities, a coexistence of anonymous and social mechanisms appears to influence their choice of direction during collective movements. The present approach may offer vital insights into the relationships between individual behaviours and their emergent collective acts. |
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2066 |
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