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| Author | Rose-Meierhöfer, S.; Standke, K.; Hoffmann, G. | ||||
| Title | Auswirkungen verschiedener Gruppengrößen auf Bewegungsaktivität, Body Condition Score, Liege- und Sozialverhalten bei Jungpferden | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year  |
2010 | Publication | Züchtungskunde | Abbreviated Journal | Züchtungskunde |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 282–291 |
| Keywords | Liegen, Aktivität, Gruppenhaltung, Jungpferde, Sozialverhalten, Body Condition Score [Lying behaviour, activity behaviour, group housing, young horses, social behaviour, Body Condition Score] | ||||
| Abstract | Ziel der Untersuchung war es, herauszufinden, welche Auswirkungen eine Erhöhung der Gruppengröße bei Jungpferden auf die Bewegungsaktivität, das Liege- und Sozialverhalten und die Körperkondition hat. Hierfür wurden insgesamt 42 Pferde im Alter von ein bis zwei Jahren in Laufstallhaltung in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Jungpferde aus der Bewegungs- und Liegeverhaltensanalyse waren in zwei Kleingruppen (acht und 11 Tiere) und einer Großgruppe (23 Tiere) aufgestallt. In der Bewegungsaktivität waren deutliche Unterschiede zu erkennen. Es ließ sich ein positiver Einfluss einer höheren Tierzahl nachweisen, aber kein Einfluss des Alters. Beim Ruheverhalten konnten höhere Liegezeiten und -frequenzen mit einer Zunahme der Gruppengröße und eine Abnahme der Liegezeit mit zunehmendem Alter ermittelt werden. Eine Störung des Liegeverhaltens durch Gruppengrößen, die nicht der natürlichen Herdenstruktur des Pferdes entsprechen, wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Jedoch hatte die Haltung der Jährlinge in der großen Gruppe einen Anstieg der repulsiven Verhaltensweisen zur Konsequenz. Zudem zeigte die Bestimmung des Body Condition Scores Unterschiede in der Körperkondition bei den Jährlingen der Groß- bzw. der Kleingruppe. Einem Mangel an Bewegung, der für das Auftreten von Gliedmaßenerkrankungen und Verhaltensstörungen verantwortlich gemacht wird, kann durch die Haltung von Jungpferden in großen Gruppen entgegengewirkt werden. [It is often discussed that the inactivity of horses causes diseases of their musculoskeletal system. Due to these problems the objective of the investigation was to quantify if the size of a group has an effect on the behaviour of young horses. Data from 42 horses in the age of one to two years have been involved in the investigation. The data of two small groups were compared with data of one big group with 23 horses. The movement and lying behaviour of 28 horses were measured with ALT pedometers. The social behaviour of 33 yearlings was documented by direct observation. The results show that the median of the movement time of horses in group A is 82 minutes per day. In group B this increases to a median of 101 and group C reaches the highest median of 149. In the case of lying time an increasing group size leads to a longer duration and a higher frequency of lying, whereas an increase in the age reduces the lying duration. International research studies have shown that keeping of horses in big group husbandry systems is not very common by the owners of horses. In contrast these investigations have shown that horse keeping in big groups has no negative influence on the social behaviour and the Body Condition Score of young horses.] |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5671 | ||
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| Author | Jørgensen, G.H.M.; Borsheim, L.; Mejdell, C.M.; Søndergaard, E.; Bøe, K.E. | ||||
| Title | Grouping horses according to gender--Effects on aggression, spacing and injuries | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 94-99 |
| Keywords | Horse; Group housing; Gender; Injuries; Social behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Many horse owners tend to group horses according to gender, in an attempt to reduce aggressive interactions and the risk of injuries. The aim of our experiment was to test the effects of such gender separation on injuries, social interactions and individual distance in domestic horses. A total of 66 horses were recruited from 4 different farms in Norway and Denmark and divided into six batches. Within each batch, horses were allotted into one mare group, one gelding group and one mixed gender group, with most groups consisting of three or four animals. After 4-6 weeks of acclimatisation, a trained observer recorded all social interactions using direct, continuous observation 1 h in the morning and 1 h in the afternoon for three consecutive days. Recordings of the nearest neighbour of each horse were performed using instantaneous sampling every 10 min. The horses were inspected for injuries before grouping, day 1 after grouping and after 4-6 weeks. No significant effect of gender composition was found on social interactions (P > 0.05), spacing (P > 0.07) or injuries (P > 0.23). Eighty percent of all aggressive interactions recorded were threats, not involving physical contact. Horses with the smallest space allowance showed the highest mean number of aggressive interactions (28.6 ± 6.1 interactions per 6 h) compared to the mean of all the other batches (8.3 ± 1.0 interactions per 6 h). Very few injuries were found and most were superficial. In conclusion, gender composition does not seem to have any effect on aggression level, spacing or injuries. However, the early social experience of horses, management of feeding and space allowance probably represents more important factors for successful group housing of domestic horses. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5093 | ||
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| Author | Zharkikh, T.L.; Andersen, L. | ||||
| Title | Behaviour of Bachelor Males of the Przewalski Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) at the Reserve Askania Nova | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Der Zoologische Garten | Abbreviated Journal | Zoologische Garten |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 5-6 | Pages | 282-299 |
| Keywords | Equid; Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii); Bachelor group; Social behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | The aim of this study was to investigate social relationships between Przewalski horses at a high density in a bachelor group housed in a 3.5-ha enclosure. The group consisted of 16 males aged 5 to 16. Behavioural data were collected during 18 days, total 216 h. Fifteen minute focal animal sampling was used; each horse was observed three times a day for a total of 45 min. The occurrence of 25 behaviours was recorded, and group spacing behaviour was studied using nearest neighbour recordings. The group divided into four subgroups; this supports earlier findings of bachelor groups (n>=10) dividing into two or more subgroups if they included several males aged >5 years. The total frequency of social interactions was 14.6±1.1 h-1. Although the density of the group in this study was higher than in other zoos, the males interacted agonistically only 3.6 h-1. The most frequently observed social behaviour categories were friendly interactions. This study shows possibilities to use some investigative behaviours (marking, flehmen, olfactory investigation, etc.) as indicators of social status of animals in a group. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0044-5169 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5098 | ||
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| Author | Mitani, J.C. | ||||
| Title | Male chimpanzees form enduring and equitable social bonds | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 633-640 |
| Keywords | chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes; social behaviour; social relationship | ||||
| Abstract | Controversy exists regarding the nature of primate social relationships. While individual primates are frequently hypothesized to form enduring social bonds with conspecifics, recent studies suggest that relationships are labile, with animals interacting only over short periods to satisfy their immediate needs. Here I use data collected over 10 years on a community of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, to investigate whether male chimpanzees establish long-term social relationships and to determine the factors that affect variation in relationship quality and the stability of social bonds. Kinship and dominance rank influenced the quality of relationships. Maternal brothers and males of the same dominance rank class groomed each other more equitably than did unrelated males and males that were dissimilar in rank. In addition, males that formed strong social bonds groomed more equitably than did males that displayed weaker bonds. Social bonds were stable over time, with relationships in one year predicting those in subsequent years. Kinship and the quality of social relationships affected bond stability. Maternal half siblings and males that groomed each other equitably maintained longer-lasting bonds than did nonkin and males that groomed each other unevenly. Virtually all of the males established at least one enduring relationship with another individual. The most enduring bonds formed between a few pairs of maternal brothers and dyads that maintained balanced grooming interactions. These results indicate that male chimpanzees maintain long-lasting and equitable social bonds whose formation is affected by maternal kinship and the quality of social relationships. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5164 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. | ||||
| Title | Social feeding decisions in horses (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 76-83 |
| Keywords | Feeding decision; Horse; Rank; Social behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Like many other herbivores, in a natural environment equids feed on rather evenly distributed resources. However, the vegetation in their vast habitats constantly changes. If food is plentiful only little competition occurs over food, and in non-competitive situations domestic horses tend to return to the same feeding site until it is overgrazed. In contrast, they compete over limited food for which the social status of the individuals appears to be important. Especially in ruminants several studies have proved an influence of social organisations, rank, sex and the depletion of feeding sites on the feeding behaviour of individuals. However, it is not yet understood whether and how social aspects affect horses“ feeding decisions. Curiosity about the influence of social rank on the horses” feeding decisions between two, equally with high-quality surplus food-filled buckets placed in different social feeding conditions, led us to create the test below. The observer horses were alternately tested with a dominant and a subordinate demonstrator placed in one of the three different positions. We conclude that domestic horses use social cognition and strategic decision making in order to decide where to feed in a social feeding situation. When possible they tend to return to the same, continuously supplied feeding site and switch to an “avoidance tendency” in the presence of dominant horses or when another horse is already feeding there. Thus, the social rank and the position of conspecifics affect the feeding strategy of horses. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4394 | ||
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| Author | Benhajali, H.; Richard-Yris, M. -A.; Leroux, M.; Ezzaouia, M.; Charfi, F.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
| Title | A note on the time budget and social behaviour of densely housed horses: A case study in Arab breeding mares | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2008 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 196-200 |
| Keywords | Behavioural repertoire; Time budget; Mare; Social behaviour; Density | ||||
| Abstract | We observed a high-density herd (200 mares/ha) of 44 Arab breeding mares, while in a bare paddock in Tunisia. Twenty-minute animal focal samples and scan sampling were used to determine the time budget of the mares during the period from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. and study their social behaviour. The data obtained reveal restricted behavioural repertoires with missing behaviour like rolling, allogrooming and lying down; unusual time budgets with a high frequency of locomotion that constitutes the most frequent activity (27.9 ± 19.47%) of the mares. Social interactions were restricted to agonistic interactions but despite the high stocking density, aggressions were not that frequent among mares. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4774 | ||
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| Author | Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Fölsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2008 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 243-258 |
| Keywords | ANIMAL WELFARE; HORNED DAIRY COWS; HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP; INJURIES; LOOSE HOUSING; MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR | ||||
| Abstract | The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m2). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5110 | ||
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| Author | Lusseau, D.; Whitehead, H.; Gero, S. | ||||
| Title | Incorporating uncertainty into the study of animal social networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1809-1815 |
| Keywords | bootstrap; social behaviour; social network; social structure | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5173 | ||
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| Author | Taillon, J.; Cote, S.D. | ||||
| Title | Social rank and winter forage quality affect aggressiveness in white-tailed deer fawns | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 265-275 |
| Keywords | aggressiveness; agonistic behaviour; body mass loss; dominance status; forage intake; Odocoileus virginianus; resource competition; social behaviour; white-tailed deer; winter forage quality | ||||
| Abstract | Achieving a high social rank may be advantageous for individuals at high population densities, because dominance status may determine the priority of access to limited resources and reduce individual loss of body mass. The establishment of dominance relationships between individuals involves variable levels of aggressiveness that can be influenced by resource availability. The relationship between social rank and aggressiveness and the impacts of resource abundance on aggressiveness are, however, poorly understood, but may be relevant to understand the mechanisms determining dominance relationships between individuals. We experimentally simulated, in seminatural enclosures, a deterioration of winter forage quality induced by a high-density deer population and examined the effects of (1) social dominance and (2) diet quality on aggressiveness, forage intake and body mass loss of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, fawns during two winters. Within diet-quality treatments, fawns were consistently organized into linear hierarchies and showed clear dominance relationships. Dominants initiated more interactions and showed higher aggressiveness than subordinates, but subordinates had higher forage intake than dominants throughout winter. Social rank did not influence cumulative body mass loss of fawns. During both winters, fawns fed the control diet maintained their aggressiveness level, whereas fawns fed the poor-quality diet decreased it. Our experimental approach revealed that white-tailed deer responded to a reduction in winter forage quality by modifying their aggressiveness, indicating that ungulates may show plasticity not only in their foraging behaviour in response to decreased resources but also in their social behaviour. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4203 | ||
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| Author | Motch, S.M.; Harpster, H.W.; Ralston, S.; Ostiguy, N.; Diehl, N.K. | ||||
| Title | A note on yearling horse ingestive and agonistic behaviours in three concentrate feeding systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 106 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 167-172 |
| Keywords | Horse; Feeding; Agonistic behaviour; Social behaviour; Sex differences | ||||
| Abstract | The objective of this study was to compare behaviours of yearling horses fed concentrates under each of three management systems. Over two consecutive years, 16 yearling horses (n = 8/year; 4 fillies, 4 geldings, full siblings between years) were observed over a 60-day trial period/year at 15:30 h each day. The experimental design consisted of three factors (sex, feeder type, and year); repeated measures on feeder type: tire feeders (control system), individual tub feeders, and manger feeders. Frequency of agonistic interaction was affected by feeder type and sex. Fillies performed more than three times the total number of agonistic behaviours per feeding session as geldings. In both years, horses spent the most time eating and had the fewest agonistic interactions when fed in tire feeders. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4342 | ||
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