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Author Appleby, M.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The probability of linearity in hierarchies Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1983 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 600-608  
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  Abstract The common practice of ranking a group of animals in the closest possible order to a linear dominance hierarchy assumes that dominance among those animals is generally transitive. In fact, analysis of groups in which dominance relationships are random shows that this method has a surprisingly high probability of producing an apparently linear or near-linear hierarchy by chance. As such, the existence of transitive dominance should be tested before it is used in ranking. A suitable statistical test is described here. Chance may also contribute to the linear appearance of hierarchies based on other factors.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4286  
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Author Kacelnik, A.; Houston, A.I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Some effects of energy costs on foraging strategies Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1984 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 609-614  
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  Abstract We consider the effect of including energy costs on the optimal strategy for animals exploiting a depleting food resource. In the context of central place foraging this leads to the problem of what load size should be brought back to the central place. Two strategies are discussed: (i) maximize gross rate of energy delivery and (ii) maximize net rate of energy delivery. The optimal load size (or optimal patch time) for net maximizers is not always larger than for gross maximizers, as has been claimed. Instead, the difference in optimal load size has the same sign as the difference between metabolic rates of travelling and foraging. We point out that the influence of costs has not always been correctly incorporated in experimental tests of the theory.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2122  
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Author Wolff, P.R.; Powell, A.J. url  openurl
  Title Urine patterns in mice: An analysis of male/female counter-marking Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1984 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 1185-1191  
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  Abstract Counter-marking in mice, Mus musculus was investigated by analysing urine deposition on filter paper marked asymmetrically with urine of the opposite sex. Intact males deposited large numbers of urine spots with a marked angular bias towards previously marked quadrants. More spots were deposited on proestrous and ovariectomized donor urine patterns, their distribution being more centrifugal on oestrous urine and more centripetal in quadrants containing a large female urine spot in a central position. In contrast, castrated male mice deposited very few spots with no angular bias. Female urine patterns showed angular bias in response to intact, but not castrated male donor urine, a larger number of spots being produced by oestrous females. Thus the pattern of deposition offers scope for two-way communication of information about reproductive potential.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2144  
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Author McFarland, D.J. url  openurl
  Title Roger L. Mellgren, Editor, Animal Cognition and Behavior, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1983), p. xi Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1984 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 634-635  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2925  
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Author Sherry, D.F.; Galef Jr, B.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Cultural transmission without imitation: Milk bottle opening by birds Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1984 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 937-938  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5611  
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Author Sato, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1984 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 25-32  
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  Abstract Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability.  
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  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6407  
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Author Chase, I.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The sequential analysis of aggressive acts during hierarchy formation: an application of the `jigsaw puzzle' approach Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 86-100  
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  Abstract The `jigsaw puzzle' approach is a general method for investigating how interactions among individuals cumulate to form the overall patterns of dominance behaviour in groups. Here, the model is used to discover how aggressive interactions between pairs of individuals modify subsequent interactions with bystanders or third parties. The model indicates that four sequences of successive, aggressive acts are possible in component triads of larger groups: two ensure transitive attack relationships and two can lead to either transitive or intransitive relationships. An application of the model to 14 groups of four hens demonstrates that the two sequences guaranteeing transitivity make up 77% of all sequences. More specifically, hens attacking one group member usually go on to attack a second member, and hens receiving one attack frequently receive a second attack from a bystander. In contrast, an attacked hen rarely `redirects' an attack to a bystander, and a bystander rarely attacks a group member who has just attacked another individual. The application of the jigsaw puzzle approach to aggressive sequences in other species is discussed. Data available for several primate species corroborate the findings in hens and provide support for the method as a general tool for investigating the proximate mechanisms of hierarchy formation.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 856  
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.; Houpt, K.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The ontogeny of flehmen in horses Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 739-745  
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  Abstract Flehmen behaviour in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) mares and foals living on pasture was observed during 807 h of focal sampling. A series of flehmens performed at one site was defined as a flehmen incident. Colts exhibited flehmen incidents and performed flehmen more frequently during an incident than did fillies or mares. Filies exhibited flehmen incidents more frequently than did mares, but did not flehmen more frequently during an incident. Colts exhibited a peak frequency of performing flehmen and of flehmen incidents during weeks 1-4 with a subsequent linear decrease in frequency up to weeks 17-20. Usually, flehmen occurred without the subject having had direct contact of the nostrils, lips, or tongue with a possible stimulant. Twenty-six per cent of the flehmen incidents occurred during or after urination by another pony. Seven per cent of the incidents occurred during or after urination by the pony showing flehmen.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2261  
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Author Duncan, P. url  openurl
  Title Time-budgets of Camargue horses III. Environmental influences Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 92 Issue Pages 188-208  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2283  
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Author Inglis, I. url  openurl
  Title H.L. Roitblat, T.G. Bever and H.S. Terrace, Editors, Animal Cognition, Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey (1984), p. 682 Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 344-345  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2924  
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