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Author |
Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Fredman, T. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Social learning of an artificial fruit task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). |
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Journal Article |
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Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1999 |
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Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
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113 |
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1 |
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13-23 |
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Social learning in 11 human-raised capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was investigated using an artificial fruit that was designed as an analogue of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each subject observed a human model open each of 3 principal components on the fruit in 1 of 2 alternative ways (“morphs”). The capuchin monkeys reproduced, to differing extents, the alternative techniques used for opening 1 component of the task (poking vs. pulling while twisting out a pair of smooth plastic bolts) but not the other 2. From the subjects' actions on the bolt latch, independent coders could recognize which morph they had witnessed, and they observed a degree of matching to the demonstrator's act consistent with simple imitation or object movement reenactment (A learns from watching B how an object, or parts of an object, move). Thus, these capuchins were capable of more complex social learning than has been recently ascribed to monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6563 |
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Author |
Taberlet, P.; Waits, L.P.; Luikart, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol. Evol |
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14 |
Issue |
8 |
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323-327 |
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Hairs; Feces; Feathers; Allelic dropout; Individual identification; Conservation genetics; Behavioural ecology; Pilot study; Microsatellites; Probability of identity |
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Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies of free-ranging animals without the need to capture or even observe them, and thus allows questions to be addressed that cannot be answered using conventional methods. Initially, this sampling strategy promised to exploit fully the existing DNA-based technology for studies in ethology, conservation biology and population genetics. However, recent work now indicates the need for a more cautious approach, which includes quantifying the genotyping error rate. Despite this, many of the difficulties of noninvasive sampling will probably be overcome with improved methodology. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6573 |
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Author |
Goodwin, D. |
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Title |
The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
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31 |
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S28 |
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15-19 |
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horse; behaviour; domestication; interspecific communication |
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Summary Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and man and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific cooperation. However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6714 |
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Author |
Nissen, J. |
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Title |
Enzyklopädie der Pferderassen |
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1998 |
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Kosmos |
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Stuttgart |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6543 |
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Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G. |
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Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner |
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1997 |
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Enke |
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Stuttgart |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6542 |
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Author |
Griebenow, K.; Klibanov, A.M. |
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Title |
Lyophilization-induced reversible changes in the secondary structure of proteins |
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1995 |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |
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92 |
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24 |
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10969-10976 |
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Changes in the secondary structure of some dozen different proteins upon lyophilization of their aqueous solutions have been investigated by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the amide III band region. Dehydration markedly (but reversibly) alters the secondary structure of all the proteins studied, as revealed by both the quantitative analysis of the second derivative spectra and the Gaussian curve fitting of the original infrared spectra. Lyophilization substantially increases the beta-sheet content and lowers the alpha-helix content of all proteins. In all but one case, proteins become more ordered upon lyophilization. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6519 |
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Author |
Boissy, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Fear and Fearfulness in Animals |
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1995 |
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The Quarterly Review of Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
The Quarterly Review of Biology |
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70 |
Issue |
2 |
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165-191 |
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Persistence of individual differences in animal behavior in reactions to various environmental challenges could reflect basic divergences in temperament, which might be used to predict details of adaptive response. Although studies have been carried out on fear and anxiety in various species, including laboratory, domestic and wild animals, no consistent definition of fearfulness as a basic trait of temperament has emerged. After a classification of the events that may produce a state of fear, this article describes the great variability in behavior and in physiological patterns generally associated with emotional reactivity. The difficulties of proposing fearfulness-the general capacity to react to a variety of potentially threatening situations-as a valid basic internal variable are then discussed. Although there are many studies showing covariation among the psychobiological responses to different environmental challenges, other studies find no such correlations and raise doubts about the interpretation of fearfulness as a basic personality trait. After a critical assessment of methodologies used in fear and anxiety studies, it is suggested that discrepancies among results are mainly due to the modulation of emotional responses in animals, which depend on numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. It is difficult to compare results obtained by different methods from animals reared under various conditions and with different genetic origins. The concept of fearfulness as an inner trait is best supported by two kinds of investigations. First, an experimental approach combining ethology and experimental psychology produces undeniable indicators of emotional reactivity. Second, genetic lines selected for psychobiological traits prove useful in establishing between behavioral and neuroendocrine aspects of emotional reactivity. It is suggested that fearfulness could be considered a basic feature of the temperament of each individual, one that predisposes it to respond similarly to a variety of potentially alarming challenges, but is nevertheless continually modulated during development by the interaction of genetic traits of reactivity with environmental factors, particularly in the juvenile period. Such interaction may explain much of the interindividual variability observed in adaptive responses. |
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The University of Chicago Press |
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0033-5770 |
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doi: 10.1086/418981 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6664 |
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Author |
Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. |
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Title |
The opening of milk bottles by birds |
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1994 |
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British Birds |
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British Birds |
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42 |
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347-357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6525 |
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Author |
Byrne R.W. |
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Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
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1994 |
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Behaviour and Evolution |
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223-265 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge,UK |
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P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6566 |
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Author |
Genov, P.W.; Kostava, V. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Untersuchungen zur zahlenmäßigen Stärke des Wolfes und seiner Einwirkung auf die Haustierbestände in Bulgarien |
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1993 |
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Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft |
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39 |
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4 |
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217-223 |
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Die Untersuchung wurde in der Zeitspanne von 1984 bis 1988 durchgeführt. Es wurden die Protokolle des Staatlichen Versicherungsinstituts benutzt, die Angaben für Raubüberfälle von Wölfen auf Haustiere beinhalten (Tabelle 1). Außerdem wurden Angaben über die während dieser Zeitspanne erlegten Wölfe zusammengefaßt. Die Abschußzahlen lauten: 1984 – 163, 1985 – 147, 1986 – 179, 1987 – 211 und 1988 – 220 Tiere. Die Anzahl der in den einzelnen Gebirgen lebenden Wölfe wurde nach einer Umfrage festgestellt. Für die in Betracht kommenden Gebirge werden folgende Bestandszahlen angenommen: Rhodopen -- 60-80 Individuen, 189 bis 264 km2 pro Tier, Rila- und Piringebirge -- 60-80 Tiere, 109 bis 145 km2 pro Tier, Ossogowo-Belassiza Gebirgssystem -- 40-50 Individuen, 57-70 km2 pro Tier, West- und Mittelbalkan -- 35-38 Wölfe, 200 km2 pro Tier. Dazu kommen noch 10-15 Wölfe im Flußbecken von Beli Lom und etwa 20 Exemplare in Strandscha- und Sakargebirge. Insgesamt lebten in Bulgarien im Jahre 1988 etwa 260-330 Wölfe (Abb. 1). |
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1439-0574 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Genov1993 |
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6686 |
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