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Author |
Taberlet, P.; Waits, L.P.; Luikart, G. |
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Title |
Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
1999 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol. Evol |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
323-327 |
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Keywords |
Hairs; Feces; Feathers; Allelic dropout; Individual identification; Conservation genetics; Behavioural ecology; Pilot study; Microsatellites; Probability of identity |
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Abstract |
Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies of free-ranging animals without the need to capture or even observe them, and thus allows questions to be addressed that cannot be answered using conventional methods. Initially, this sampling strategy promised to exploit fully the existing DNA-based technology for studies in ethology, conservation biology and population genetics. However, recent work now indicates the need for a more cautious approach, which includes quantifying the genotyping error rate. Despite this, many of the difficulties of noninvasive sampling will probably be overcome with improved methodology. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6573 |
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Author |
Goodwin, D. |
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Title |
The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
S28 |
Pages |
15-19 |
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Keywords |
horse; behaviour; domestication; interspecific communication |
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Summary Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and man and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific cooperation. However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6714 |
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Houpt, K.; Marrow, M.; Seeliger, M. |
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Title |
A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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20 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
691-737 |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6633 |
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Pongrácz, P.; Miklósi, Á.; Kubinyi, E.; Gurobi, K.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
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Title |
Social learning in dogs: the effect of a human demonstrator on the performance of dogs in a detour task |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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62 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1109-1117 |
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We recorded the behaviour of dogs in detour tests, in which an object (a favourite toy) or food was placed behind a V-shaped fence. Dogs were able to master this task; however, they did it more easily when they started from within the fence with the object placed outside it. Repeated detours starting from within the fence did not help the dogs to obtain the object more quickly if in a subsequent trial they started outside the fence with the object placed inside it. While six trials were not enough for the dogs to show significant improvement on their own in detouring the fence from outside, demonstration of this action by humans significantly improved the dogs' performance within two-three trials. Owners and strangers were equally effective as demonstrators. Our experiments show that dogs are able to rely on information provided by human action when confronted with a new task. While they did not copy the exact path of the human demonstrator, they easily adopted the detour behaviour shown by humans to reach their goal. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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847 |
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Murphy, M.A.; Waits, L.P.; Kendall, K.C.; Wasser, S.K.; Higbee, J.A.; Bogden, R. |
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Title |
An evaluation of long-term preservation methods for brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA samples |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Conservation Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservat. Genet. |
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3 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
435-440 |
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Relatively few large-scale faecal DNA studieshave been initiated due to difficulties inamplifying low quality and quantity DNAtemplate. To improve brown bear faecal DNA PCRamplification success rates and to determinepost collection sample longevity, fivepreservation methods were evaluated: 90%ethanol, DETs buffer, silica-dried, oven-driedstored at room temperature, and oven-driedstored at -20 °C. Preservationeffectiveness was evaluated for 50 faecalsamples by PCR amplification of a mitochondrialDNA (mtDNA) locus (~146 bp) and a nuclear DNA(nDNA) locus (~200 bp) at time points of oneweek, one month, three months and six months. Preservation method and storage timesignificantly impacted mtDNA and nDNAamplification success rates. For mtDNA, allpreservation methods had >= 75% success atone week, but storage time had a significantimpact on the effectiveness of the silicapreservation method. Ethanol preserved sampleshad the highest success rates for both mtDNA(86.5%) and nDNA (84%). Nuclear DNAamplification success rates ranged from 26-88%, and storage time had a significant impacton all methods but ethanol. Preservationmethod and storage time should be importantconsiderations for researchers planningprojects utilizing faecal DNA. We recommendpreservation of faecal samples in 90% ethanolwhen feasible, although when collecting inremote field conditions or for both DNA andhormone assays a dry collection method may beadvantageous. |
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1572-9737 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Murphy2002 |
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6574 |
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Author |
Morgan, K.; Funkquist, P.; Nyman, G. |
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Title |
The effect of coat clipping on thermoregulation during intense exercise in trotters |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
S34 |
Pages |
564-567 |
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Keywords |
horse; thermoregulation; heat loss; recovery; blood temperature; oxygen uptake |
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Summary The aim of this study was to study the physiological, especially thermoregulatory, responses during intense exercise in the clipped horse compared to the horse with winter coat. Six Standardbred trotters were studied before and after clipping. They performed an inclined incremental high intensity treadmill exercise test and were monitored during recovery. The clipped horse differed significantly (ANOVA) during exercise as compare to coated: less increase in central venous blood temperature, higher skin surface temperature, greater difference skin to ambient temperature and higher rate of nonevaporative heat loss. The clipped horse had significantly lower total cutaneous evaporative heat loss from walk to end of peak exercise and a shorter time for recovery for the respiratory rate using a paired t test. The clipped horse showed a tendency (P = 0.059) to decreased oxygen uptake during the stepwise increase in workload. We concluded that the clipped horse experienced less strain on the thermoregulatory system due to an enhanced heat loss. Some clipped horses in the study showed a more efficient power output; future studies with emphasis on respiration and oxygen demand are needed to explain this. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05484.x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6614 |
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Author |
Young, R.J. |
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Title |
Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals |
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Book Whole |
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2003 |
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Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci |
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Environmental enrichment is a simple and effective means of improving animal welfare in any species – companion, farm, laboratory and zoo. For many years, it has been a popular area of research, and has attracted the attention and concerns of animal keepers and carers, animal industry professionals, academics, students and pet owners all over the world. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6596 |
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Author |
Haidn, B.; Berger, N |
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Title |
Arbeitszeitbedarf für die Pensionspferdehaltung in landwirt-schaftlichen Betrieben |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Tagungsband 6, Vechta 25.-27. März 2003 |
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Tagung: Bau, Technik und Umwelt in der landwirtsch |
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386 -391 |
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KTBL-Schriften |
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Münster-Hiltrup |
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KTBL |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6640 |
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Author |
Sighieri, C.; Tedeschi, D.; De Andreis, C.; Petri, L.; Baragli, P. |
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Title |
Behaviour Patterns of Horses Can be Used to Establish a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship Between Man and Horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Welfare |
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12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
705-708 |
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Keywords |
animal welfare; behaviour patterns; dominance; unhandled horse |
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This paper describes how man can enter the social hierarchy of the horse by mimicking the behaviour and stance it uses to establish dominance. A herd is organised according to a dominance hierarchy established by means of ritualised conflict. Dominance relationships are formed through these confrontations: one horse gains the dominant role and others identify themselves as subordinates. This study was conducted using five females of the Haflinger breed, totally unaccustomed to human contact, from a free-range breeding farm. The study methods were based on the three elements fundamental to the equilibrium of the herd: flight, herd instinct and hierarchy. The trainer-horse relationship was established in three phases: retreat, approach and association. At the end of the training sessions, all of the horses were able to respond correctly to the trainer. These observations suggest that it is possible to manage unhandled horses without coercion by mimicking their behaviour patterns. |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Edition |
2023/01/11 |
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0962-7286 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6713 |
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Author |
Davies, H.M.S.; Merritt, J.S. |
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Title |
Surface strains around the midshaft of the third metacarpal bone during turning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
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36 |
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8 |
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689-692 |
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horse; exercise; strain; third metacarpal bone; turns |
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Summary Reasons for performing study: Bone strains quantify skeletal effects of specific exercise and hence assist in designing training programmes to avoid bone injury. Objective: To test whether compressive strains increase on the lateral surface of the inside third metacarpal bone (McIII) and the medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Methods: Rosette strain gauges on dorsal, medial and lateral surfaces of the midshaft of the left McIII in 2 Thoroughbred geldings were recorded simultaneously during turning at the walk on a bitumen surface. Results: Medial surface: Compression peaks were larger in the outside limb. Tension peaks were larger in the inside limb and in a tighter turn. On the lateral surface compression and tension peaks were larger on the inside limb, which showed the largest recorded strains (compression of -1400 microstrains). Dorsal compression strains were larger on the outside limb and on a larger circle. Tensile strains were similar in both directions and larger on a larger circle. Conclusions: Compressive strains increased on the lateral surface of the inside McIII and medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Potential relevance: Slow-speed turning exercise may be sufficient to maintain bone mechanical characteristics in the inside limb lateral McIII cortex. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether faster gaits and/or tighter turns are sufficient to cause bone modelling levels of strain in the medial and lateral McIII cortex. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6715 |
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