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| Author |
HAFEZ, E.S.E.; WILLIAMS, M.; WIERZBOWSKI, S. |
| Title |
The Behaviour of Horses. |
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Book Whole |
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1962 |
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In: Hafez. ESE: The Behaviour of Domestic Animals London |
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370-396 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1156 |
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| Author |
Norris, M.J. |
| Title |
Group effects on the activity and behaviour of adult males of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) in relation to sexual maturation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1962 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
275-291 |
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During the pre-maturation period crowded males of Schistocerca gregaria are more active than isolated ones but the greater part of their extra activity is not locomotory but consists of the kicking movements made in response to contact with other locusts. Isolated males walk less often during this period but tend to jump (or fly) more than crowded ones. Activity increases with maturity and the increase is greater in the isolated males so that in spite of the absence of mechanical stimulation by other locusts their locomotor activity is now at least as great as that of the crowded ones and their jumping activity greater. Within one batch there is a tendency for those males which are most active during the first two weeks of adult life to mature earliest. The activity of young males crowded with fledglings is at first similar to that of males crowded with older locusts, but after the first two weeks the activity of both mature and immature males is depressed by crowding with fledglings. Mature males habitually isolated become less active when temporarily crowded with fledglings, but not when crowded with mature males. Mature and immature males habitually crowded with fledglings become more active when temporarily isolated and still more active when crowded with each other, or with other mature males. The inhibiting effect of the fledglings on maturation and their depressive effect on activity should in natural conditions promote synchronization of maturation and the cohesion of the group. There was little difference in activity between young males kept in single pairs and in isolation, except that in one experiment the isolated ones jumped more often. Young males kept in pairs with mature males are more active during the first week of adult life than those kept in pairs with each other. The males paired with mature males were also seen feeding much less often than those paired with each other. This was the only treatment in which a significant effect on the frequency of feeding was recorded. The femoral vibrations made by both mature and immature males in response to stimulation by mature males, occur less often in habitually crowded males than in those temporarily crowded or kept with one mature male only. This is presumably the result of habituation to the stimulus. The behaviour of wild Schistocerca males in a large outdoor cage was very similar to that of a low density laboratory group. All results suggest that there is an association between high activity and rapid maturation. This is compatible with the conclusion from earlier work that a low level of feeding is associated with rapid maturation. |
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2158 |
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| Author |
Mason, W.A.; Hollis, J.H. |
| Title |
Communication between young rhesus monkeys |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1962 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
211-221 |
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1. 1. The communication performance of 12 rhesus monkeys was investigated in a situation in which the rewards of both members of a pair of monkeys could not exceed chance levels unless the operator monkey responded to cues provided by the informant monkey which indicated the location of food. Each member of the pair was trained in both operator and informant roles in different phases of the experiment. Communication performance improved progressively to levels consistently above chance. However, communication learning appeared to be specific to the role in which the individual was trained, and when roles were reversed no evidence of transfer was obtained. Tests of foodsharing behaviour showed a substantial increase in the tendency to share food with the partner following communication training. This occurred however, only when the partner was the only social stimulus present; if another monkey was also present there was no evidence of preferential responses to the partner. In all phases of communication training, monkeys which were housed together performed more efficiently than did monkeys housed individually.2. 2. The acquisition of stimulus-producing responses was investigated by causing an opaque screen to remain in front of the informant unless the operator monkey pulled a vertical lever at the front of its restraining cage. Initially, operators responded immediately to the foodcarts, but with further testing there was a steady increase in the tendency to defer the response to the food-carts until the lever had been pulled, revealing the informant monkey.3. 3. Transfer of communication training was tested with new monkey informants, and with two inanimate stimuli, a mechanical puppet, and a stationary plaque. The latter two objects were placed behind the rewarded food-carts before each trial. There was clear evidence of positive transfer to each of these conditions, but marked differences among conditions were obtained. Performance with the monkeys averaged 76 per cent. correct, as compared with 62 and 40 per cent., with the puppet and the plaque, respectively.4. 4. To test the ability of trained operator monkeys to select the appropriate informant on the basis of behavioural cues, the communication situation was arranged so that two informant monkeys were present on all trials. However, on any trial only one of these informants could be rewarded, and the operator's rewards were contingent upon delivering food to this informant. Efficiency of discrimination began at approximately 45 per cent, (chance = 25 per cent. and improved progressively to levels above 75 per cent. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3017 |
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| Author |
Dawson, B.V.; Foss, B.M. |
| Title |
Observational learning in budgerigars |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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13 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
470-474 |
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Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Learning |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2991 |
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Richards, M.P.M. |
| Title |
Maternal behaviour in virgin female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus waterhouse): the role of the age of the test pup |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
303-309 |
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Summary One hundred and forty-four naive virgin female golden hamsters were each given a single 15 min test with three pups aged from day 1 (<24 hr) to day 18. A group of eight females was tested with each age of pup. Pups aged from day 1 to day 6 were generally attacked like prey, killed and eaten. Pups of intermediate age (day 6 to day 10) were usually initially attacked but this was often followed by maternal responses. The females', behaviour with the oldest pups suggested that they were being treated as strnge adult intruders. This result differs from that of a similar experiment with mice in which the youngest pups were found to be the most effective for eliciting materal responses. An explanation for this difference in terms of the evolutionary history of the golden hamster species is proposed. |
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2155 |
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Richards, M.P.M. |
| Title |
Maternal behaviour in the golden hamster: responsiveness to young in virgin, pregnant, and lactating females |
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Journal Article |
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1966 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
310-313 |
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Summary Three groups of eight female golden hamsters without prior breeding experience were presented with three newborn pups for a 15 min test period. Group V were virgin females, group P pregnant females and group L lactating females. Groups P and L were tested within 24 hr of parturition. Group V attacked and killed all pups presented. Group P showed maternal responses after initial attacks while group L accepted the pups. Groups P and L did not differ significantly on measures of maternal responsiveness but all three groups differed significantly from one another on measures of attacking behaviour and the eating of young. |
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2156 |
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| Author |
Noirot, E.; Richards, M.P.M. |
| Title |
Maternal behaviour in virgin female golden hamsters: Changes consequent upon initial contact with pups |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7-10 |
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Summary Initial contact with pups of a certain age causes changes in virgin female hamsters' behaviour with pups of another age. This was shown by comparing the behaviour with 5-day-old pups in groups of naive (control) animals and of animals given one previous contact either with 1, 5 or 9-day-old pups. Maternal responses were more intense in the animals previously presented with 1 or 9-day-old pups than in the control animals. Attacking was increased after initial contact with 1-day-old pups and decreased after initial contact with 9-day-old pups. Animals presented twice with the same pattern did not show marked changes in either of the two activities. |
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2157 |
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Cowley, J.J.; Griesel, R.D. |
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The effect on growth and behaviour of rehabilitating first and second generation low protein rats |
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Journal Article |
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1966 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
506-517 |
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Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Diet Therapy; Dietary Proteins; Female; *Growth; Humans; Intelligence; Learning; Male; Mental Retardation/etiology; Protein Deficiency/*therapy; Rats |
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0003-3472 |
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PMID:6008473 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4119 |
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Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Wavelength preferences and brightness cues in the water finding behaviour of sea turtles |
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Journal Article |
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1968 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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32 |
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4 |
Pages |
211-257 |
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Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Color Perception; Cues; Light; *Turtles; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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PMID:5717260 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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391 |
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Salzen, E.A.; Cornell, J.M. |
| Title |
Self-perception and species recognition in birds |
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Journal Article |
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1968 |
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Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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30 |
Issue |
1 |
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44-65 |
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Animals; Birds; Color Perception; Discrimination Learning; Generalization, Response; Imprinting (Psychology); *Perception; *Self Concept; Social Isolation; *Species Specificity; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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PMID:5644775 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4154 |
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