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Author Di Bitetti, M.S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence for an important social role of allogrooming in a platyrrhine primate Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 1 Pages 199-211  
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  Abstract Allogrooming behaviour was analysed in a wild group of tufted capuchin monkeys,Cebus apellain Iguazu National Park, Argentina. Evidence is provided that allogrooming in this platyrrhine species serves an important social function, as has been demonstrated for catarrhine primates. Using ad libitum sampling, 654 grooming sessions were recorded during 740 contact hours with one group. Seasonal variation was found in daily time allocation to allogrooming and the mean duration and reciprocity of sessions. Individual dominance rank was an important determinant of grooming relationships. The dominant male and female were the most actively involved in grooming. Among adults, dominant individuals were involved in more sessions than were subordinate individuals. The females maintained strong grooming relationships with each other and tended to reciprocate more within sessions than did males. Oestrous females engaged in more grooming bouts with adult males than did non-oestrous females. Females with newborn infants were attractive social partners for the remaining members of the group. A social function for allogrooming inCebusis indicated by the close relationship between allogrooming, the social system and coalition formation, and by the changes in quantity and direction of grooming in response to oestrous behaviour and to the birth of infants.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2079  
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Author Livoreil, B.; Giraldeau, L. openurl 
  Title Patch departure decisions by spice finches foraging singly or in groups Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 4 Pages 967-977  
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  Abstract The marginal value theorem predicts that when resources are clumped in space, a forager can maximize its rate of intake by deciding to leave a patch when its current feeding rate falls below the average for the habitat. A group version of the model predicts that when rate-maximizing group members share a patch, they should leave sooner, and each with less gain, than single animals exploiting the same patch. We tested these predictions in the laboratory by measuring patch departure decisions of spice finches, Lonchura punctulataexploiting food patches alone or in groups of three under two habitats that require different travel times. As predicted, group members left the patch sooner and with fewer seeds than single foragers. Unlike the model's assumptions, however, birds did not share the patch equally, and their exploitation curves could not be simply derived from those of single foragers. Grouping decreased the effect of travel time on patch exploitation. Moreover, within each group the bird expected to leave first delayed its departure although it collected fewer seeds than the others. This delayed departure could aim to maintain group membership. We noted an increased variability in seed number collected by group members compared with single foragers, which could be a cost of group foraging.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour  
  Address Department of Biology, Concordia University  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9344448 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2138  
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Author Hoff, M.P.; Powell, D.M.; Lukas, K.E.; Maple, T.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Individual and social behavior of lowland gorillas in outdoor exhibits compared with indoor holding areas Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 4 Pages 359-370  
  Keywords Behavior; Agonistic behavior; Spatial distribution; Primates; Social behavior; Housing; Zoo animals; Gorilla  
  Abstract The behavior of nine lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) living in three social groups at Zoo Atlanta was compared in an indoor holding area versus an outdoor exhibit. Focal animal data were collected for each animal during 15 min observation sessions, alternating between indoors and outdoors. A variety of solitary and social behaviors differed in the two conditions. All individual and social behaviors that showed a difference, except eating, occurred more indoors than outdoors. These included aggressive displays, reclining, self manipulation, and social examination of others. Additionally, the gorillas spent more time closer together in the indoor condition. A variety of other behaviors measured did not change between the two environments. There was a clear effect on behavior of the different housing conditions in which the gorillas were kept. It is suggested that the differences in aggressive behavior may be related to environmental complexity. It is further suggested that zoos should be aware that differences in behavior reported by caretaking staff, researchers and visitors may be a reflection of the differing environmental circumstances in which the animals are observed.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2143  
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Author Khalil, A.M.; Kaseda, Y. url  openurl
  Title Behavioral patterns and proximate reason of young male separation in Misaki feral horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 4 Pages 281-289  
  Keywords Misaki feral horse; Horse maternal-filial bond; Social behavior; Separation season; Separation reason  
  Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to study the proximate reasons why and the behavioral patterns of young male Misaki feral horses when they left their natal band or mothers. We observed a total of ten young males twice a month from January 1988 to December 1995. Almost all young males left their natal band or mothers at between 1 and 4 years of age. We found that, during the separation process, all the young males from first parity dams returned several times after the initial separation, indicating a strong attachment between primiparous mares and their male offspring. The other five separated only once without rejoining. Our observations showed five variable behavior patterns of young males at separation time, depending on the consort relation between their mothers and harem stallion and the reason for separation at that time. Eight young males separated in the non-breeding season at average 2.1 years and the other two separated in the breeding season at average 3 years and the average difference was not significant. These results revealed that 80% of the young males separated voluntarily when the natural resources become poor whereas 20% separated when their siblings were born.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2209  
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Author Anderson JR; Gallup GG openurl 
  Title Self-recognition in Saguinus? A critical essay Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue Pages 1563  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2978  
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Author Bugnyar T; Huber L openurl 
  Title Push or pull: an experimental study on imitation in marmosets Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue Pages 817  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2984  
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Author Hauser MD; Kralik J openurl 
  Title Life beyond the mirror: a reply to Anderson & Gallup Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue Pages 1568  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3002  
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Author Flannery, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Relational discrimination learning in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 4 Pages 267-280  
  Keywords Horses; Shaping; Complex discrimination; Concept formation; Generalization ability; Training  
  Abstract This series of studies investigated horses' ability to learn the concept of sameness under several different conditions. Before experimentation began, three horses were shaped to touch individually presented stimuli with their muzzles, and then to make two responses to two matching cards from an array of three. A modified version of the identity matching-to-sample (IMTS) procedure was used to present stimuli in a variety of configural arrangements on a barn wall (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), and on a flat panel mounted to a barn door (Experiment 3). The task in each experiment was to select the two stimulus cards that were the same (either circles or Xs) and to avoid the nonmatching stimulus card (either a star or a square). In Experiment 1, the mean accuracy rate for selecting the matching alternatives was 74%. The horses' accuracy levels reached a mean level of 83% during Experiment 2, in which they received additional trials and an intermittent secondary reinforcement schedule. In Experiment 3, when the stimuli were moved further apart from each other within arrangements and were presented on a novel background, the mean accuracy rate was 73%. These data demonstrate that horses can learn complex discrimination problems involving the concept of sameness, and that they are able to generalize this learning to a novel stimulus presentation situation. These results also suggest that a relational discrimination test may be useful for assessing horses' learning ability and the level of training appropriate for individual horses.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3557  
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Author Kida, H. openurl 
  Title [Ecology of influenza viruses in animals and the mechanism of emergence of new pandemic strains] Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Nippon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine Abbreviated Journal Nippon Rinsho  
  Volume (up) 55 Issue 10 Pages 2521-2526  
  Keywords Animals; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza, Human/transmission/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses  
  Abstract Ecological studies on influenza viruses revealed that the hemagglutinin genes are introduced into new pandemic strains from viruses circulating in migratory ducks through domestic ducks and pigs in southern China. Experimental infection of pigs with 38 avian influenza virus strains with H1-H13 hemagglutinins showed that at least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus generated reassortant viruses. The results indicate that avian viruses of any subtype can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants. Virological surveillance revealed that influenza viruses in waterfowl reservoir are perpetuated year-by-year in the frozen lake water while ducks are absent.  
  Address Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine  
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  Language Japanese Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0047-1852 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9360367 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2654  
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Author Palme, R.; Moestl, E. openurl 
  Title Measurement of cortisol metabolites in faeces of sheep as a parameter of cortisol concentration in blood Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde Abbreviated Journal J. Mammal. Biol.  
  Volume (up) 62 Issue Pages 192-197  
  Keywords glucocorticoids, metabolites, animal biology, sheep, immunoenzyme techniques,  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6044  
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